| Internet-Draft | Key Management for OSCORE Groups in ACE | September 2022 |
| Tiloca, et al. | Expires 9 March 2023 | [Page] |
This document defines an application profile of the ACE framework for Authentication and Authorization, to request and provision keying material in group communication scenarios that are based on CoAP and are secured with Group Object Security for Constrained RESTful Environments (Group OSCORE). This application profile delegates the authentication and authorization of Clients, that join an OSCORE group through a Resource Server acting as Group Manager for that group. This application profile leverages protocol-specific transport profiles of ACE to achieve communication security, server authentication and proof-of-possession for a key owned by the Client and bound to an OAuth 2.0 Access Token.¶
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This Internet-Draft will expire on 9 March 2023.¶
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Object Security for Constrained RESTful Environments (OSCORE) [RFC8613] is a method for application-layer protection of the Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) [RFC7252], using CBOR Object Signing and Encryption (COSE) [RFC9052][RFC9053] and enabling end-to-end security of CoAP payload and options.¶
As described in [I-D.ietf-core-oscore-groupcomm], Group OSCORE is used to protect CoAP group communication [I-D.ietf-core-groupcomm-bis], which can employ, for example, IP multicast as underlying data transport. This relies on a Group Manager, which is responsible for managing an OSCORE group and enables the group members to exchange CoAP messages secured with Group OSCORE. The Group Manager can be responsible for multiple groups, coordinates the joining process of new group members, and is entrusted with the distribution and renewal of group keying material.¶
This document is an application profile of [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm], which itself builds on the ACE framework for Authentication and Authorization [RFC9200]. Message exchanges among the participants as well as message formats and processing follow what specified in [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm] for provisioning and renewing keying material in group communication scenarios, where Group OSCORE is used to protect CoAP group communication.¶
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14 [RFC2119][RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all capitals, as shown here.¶
Readers are expected to be familiar with:¶
The terms and concepts for protection and processing of CoAP messages through OSCORE [RFC8613] and through Group OSCORE [I-D.ietf-core-oscore-groupcomm] in group communication scenarios. These especially include:¶
Additionally, this document makes use of the following terminology.¶
Group communication for CoAP has been enabled in [I-D.ietf-core-groupcomm-bis] and can be secured with Group Object Security for Constrained RESTful Environments (Group OSCORE) as specified in [I-D.ietf-core-oscore-groupcomm]. A network node joins an OSCORE group by interacting with the responsible Group Manager. Once registered in the group, the new node can securely exchange messages with other group members.¶
This document describes how to use [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm] and [RFC9200] to perform a number of authentication, authorization and key distribution actions as overviewed in Section 2 of [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm], when the considered group is specifically an OSCORE group.¶
With reference to [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm]:¶
A node performs the steps described in Sections 3 and 4.3.1.1 of [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm] in order to obtain an authorization for joining an OSCORE group and then to join that group. The format and processing of messages exchanged during such steps are further specified in Section 5 and Section 6 of this document.¶
All communications between the involved entities MUST be secured.¶
In particular, communications between the Client and the Group Manager leverage protocol-specific transport profiles of ACE to achieve communication security, proof-of-possession and server authentication. It is expected that, in the commonly referred base-case of this document, the transport profile to use is pre-configured and well-known to nodes participating in constrained applications.¶
With respect to what is defined in [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm]:¶
Finally, Appendix A lists the specifications on this application profile of ACE, based on the requirements defined in Appendix A of [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm].¶
Building on Section 3.1 of [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm], this section defines the exact format and encoding of scope used in this profile.¶
To this end, this profile uses the Authorization Information Format (AIF) [RFC9237]. In particular, with reference to the generic AIF model¶
AIF-Generic<Toid, Tperm> = [* [Toid, Tperm]]¶
the value of the CBOR byte string used as scope encodes the CBOR array [* [Toid, Tperm]], where each [Toid, Tperm] element corresponds to one scope entry.¶
Furthermore, this document defines the new AIF specific data model AIF-OSCORE-GROUPCOMM, that this profile MUST use to format and encode scope entries.¶
In particular, the following holds for each scope entry.¶
More specifically, the following applies when, as defined in this document, a scope entry includes as set of permissions the set of roles to take in an OSCORE group.¶
The permission set ("Tperm") is a CBOR unsigned integer with value R, specifying the role(s) that the Client wishes to take in the group (REQ1). The value R is computed as follows.¶
+-----------+-------+-------------------------------------------------+ | Name | Value | Description | +===========+=======+=================================================+ | Reserved | 0 | This value is reserved | |-----------+-------+-------------------------------------------------+ | Requester | 1 | Send requests; receive responses | |-----------+-------+-------------------------------------------------+ | Responder | 2 | Send responses; receive requests | +-----------+-------+-------------------------------------------------+ | Monitor | 3 | Receive requests; never send requests/responses | |-----------+-------+-------------------------------------------------| | Verifier | 4 | Verify signature of intercepted messages | +-----------+-------+-------------------------------------------------+
The following CDDL [RFC8610] notation defines a scope entry that uses the AIF-OSCORE-GROUPCOMM data model and expresses a set of Group OSCORE roles from those in Figure 1.¶
AIF-OSCORE-GROUPCOMM = AIF-Generic<oscore-gname, oscore-gperm>
oscore-gname = tstr ; Group name
oscore-gperm = uint . bits group-oscore-roles
group-oscore-roles = &(
Requester: 1,
Responder: 2,
Monitor: 3,
Verifier: 4
)
scope_entry = [oscore-gname, oscore-gperm]
¶
Future specifications that define new Group OSCORE roles MUST register a corresponding numeric identifier in the "Group OSCORE Roles" registry defined in Section 16.10 of this document.¶
Note that the value 0 is not available to use as numeric identifier to specify a Group OSCORE role. It follows that, when expressing Group OSCORE roles to take in a group as per this document, a scope entry has the least significant bit of "Tperm" always set to 0.¶
This is an explicit feature of the AIF-OSCORE-GROUPCOMM data model. That is, for each scope entry, the least significant bit of "Tperm" set to 0 explicitly identifies the scope entry as exactly expressing a set of Group OSCORE roles ("Tperm"), pertaining to a single group whose name is specified by the string literal in "Toid".¶
Instead, by relying on the same AIF-OSCORE-GROUPCOMM data model, [I-D.ietf-ace-oscore-gm-admin] defines the format of scope entries for Administrator Clients that wish to access an admin interface at the Group Manager. In such scope entries, the least significant bit of "Tperm" is always set to 1.¶
Source authentication of a message sent within the group and protected with Group OSCORE is ensured by means of a digital signature embedded in the message (in group mode), or by integrity-protecting the message with pairwise keying material derived from the asymmetric keys of sender and recipient (in pairwise mode).¶
Therefore, group members must be able to retrieve each other's authentication credential from a trusted repository, in order to verify source authenticity of incoming group messages.¶
As also discussed in [I-D.ietf-core-oscore-groupcomm], the Group Manager acts as trusted repository of the authentication credentials of the group members, and provides those authentication credentials to group members if requested to. Upon joining an OSCORE group, a joining node is thus expected to provide its own authentication credential to the Group Manager.¶
In particular, one of the following four cases can occur when a new node joins an OSCORE group.¶
The joining node and the Group Manager use an asymmetric proof-of-possession key to establish a secure communication association. Then, two cases can occur.¶
When establishing the secure communication association, the Group Manager obtained from the joining node the joining node's authentication credential, in the format used in the OSCORE group and including the asymmetric proof-of-possession key as public key. Also, such authentication credential and the proof-of-possession key are compatible with the signature or ECDH algorithm, and possible associated parameters used in the OSCORE group.¶
In this case, the Group Manager considers the authentication credential as the one associated with the joining node in the OSCORE group. If the joining node is aware that the authentication credential and the public key included thereof are also valid for the OSCORE group, then the joining node MAY choose to not provide again its own authentication credential to the Group Manager.¶
The joining node MUST provide again its own authentication credential if it has provided the Group Manager with multiple authentication credentials during past joining processes, intended for different OSCORE groups. If the joining node provides its own authentication credential in the 'client_cred' parameter of the Join Request (see Section 6.1), the Group Manager performs consistency checks as per Section 6.2 and, in case of success, considers it as the authentication credential associated with the joining node in the OSCORE group.¶
The authentication credential is not in the format used in the OSCORE group, or else the authentication credential and the proof-of-possession key included as public key are not compatible with the signature or ECDH algorithm, and possible associated parameters used in the OSCORE group.¶
In this case, the joining node MUST provide a different compatible authentication credential and public key included thereof to the Group Manager in the 'client_cred' parameter of the Join Request (see Section 6.1). Then, the Group Manager performs consistency checks on this latest provided authentication credential as per Section 6.2 and, in case of success, considers it as the authentication credential associated with the joining node in the OSCORE group.¶
This section builds on Section 3 of [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm] and is organized as follows.¶
First, Section 5.1 and Section 5.2 describe how the joining node interacts with the AS, in order to be authorized to join an OSCORE group under a given Group Manager and to obtain an Access Token. Then, Section 5.3 describes how the joining node transfers the obtained Access Token to the Group Manager. The following considers a joining node that intends to contact the Group Manager for the first time.¶
Note that what is defined in Section 3 of [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm] applies, and only additions or modifications to that specification are defined in this document.¶
The Authorization Request message is as defined in Section 3.1 of [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm], with the following additions.¶
If the 'scope' parameter is present:¶
The value of the CBOR byte string encodes a CBOR array, whose format MUST follow the data model AIF-OSCORE-GROUPCOMM defined in Section 3. In particular, for each OSCORE group to join:¶
The Authorization Response message is as defined in Section 3.2 of [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm], with the following additions:¶
Furthermore, the AS MAY use the extended format of scope defined in Section 7 of [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm] for the 'scope' claim of the Access Token. In such a case, the AS MUST use the CBOR tag with tag number TAG_NUMBER, associated with the CoAP Content-Format CF_ID for the media type application/aif+cbor registered in Section 16.9 of this document (REQ28).¶
Note to RFC Editor: In the previous paragraph, please replace "TAG_NUMBER" with the CBOR tag number computed as TN(ct) in Section 4.3 of [RFC9277], where ct is the ID assigned to the CoAP Content-Format registered in Section 16.9 of this document. Then, please replace "CF_ID" with the ID assigned to that CoAP Content-Format. Finally, please delete this paragraph.¶
This indicates that the binary encoded scope, as conveying the actual access control information, follows the scope semantics defined for this application profile in Section 3 of this document.¶
The exchange of Token Transfer Request and Token Transfer Response is defined in Section 3.3 of [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm]. In addition to that, the following applies.¶
The Token Transfer Request MAY additionally contain the following parameters, which, if included, MUST have the corresponding values defined below (OPT2):¶
Alternatively, the joining node may retrieve this information by other means.¶
The 'kdcchallenge' parameter contains a dedicated nonce N_S generated by the Group Manager. For the N_S value, it is RECOMMENDED to use a 8-byte long random nonce. The joining node can use this nonce in order to prove the possession of its own private key, upon joining the group (see Section 6.1).¶
The 'kdcchallenge' parameter MAY be omitted from the Token Transfer Response, if the 'scope' of the Access Token specifies only the role "monitor" or only the role "verifier" or only the two roles combined, for each and every of the specified groups.¶
If the 'sign_info' parameter is present in the response, the following applies for each element 'sign_info_entry'.¶
'cred_fmt' takes value from the "Label" column of the "COSE Header Parameters" registry [COSE.Header.Parameters] (REQ6). Consistently with Section 2.3 of [I-D.ietf-core-oscore-groupcomm], acceptable values denote a format of authentication credential that MUST explicitly provide the public key as well as the comprehensive set of information related to the public key algorithm, including, e.g., the used elliptic curve (when applicable).¶
At the time of writing this specification, acceptable formats of authentication credentials are CBOR Web Tokens (CWTs) and CWT Claims Sets (CCSs) [RFC8392], X.509 certificates [RFC7925] and C509 certificates [I-D.ietf-cose-cbor-encoded-cert]. Further formats may be available in the future, and would be acceptable to use as long as they comply with the criteria defined above.¶
[ As to CWTs and CCSs, the COSE Header Parameters 'kcwt' and 'kccs' are under pending registration requested by draft-ietf-lake-edhoc. ]¶
[ As to C509 certificates, the COSE Header Parameters 'c5b' and 'c5c' are under pending registration requested by draft-ietf-cose-cbor-encoded-cert. ]¶
This format is consistent with every signature algorithm currently considered in [RFC9053], i.e., with algorithms that have only the COSE key type as their COSE capability. Appendix B of [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm] describes how the format of each 'sign_info_entry' can be generalized for possible future registered algorithms having a different set of COSE capabilities.¶
If 'ecdh_info' is included in the Token Transfer Request, the Group Manager SHOULD include the 'ecdh_info' parameter in the Token Transfer Response, as per the format defined in Section 5.3.1. Note that the field 'id' of each 'ecdh_info_entry' specifies the name, or array of group names, for which that 'ecdh_info_entry' applies to.¶
As an exception, the KDC MAY omit the 'ecdh_info' parameter in the Token Transfer Response even if 'ecdh_info' is included in the Token Transfer Request, in case all the groups that the Client is authorized to join are signature-only groups.¶
Note that, other than through the above parameters as defined in Section 3.3 of [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm], the joining node may have obtained such information by alternative means. For example, information conveyed in the 'sign_info' and 'ecdh_info' parameters may have been pre-configured, or the joining node may early retrieve it, e.g., by using the approach described in [I-D.tiloca-core-oscore-discovery] to discover the OSCORE group and the link to the associated group-membership resource at the Group Manager (OPT3).¶
The 'ecdh_info' parameter is an OPTIONAL parameter of the request and response messages exchanged between the Client and the authz-info endpoint at the RS (see Section 5.10.1. of [RFC9200]).¶
This parameter allows the Client and the RS to exchange information about an ECDH algorithm as well as about the authentication credentials and public keys to accordingly use for deriving Diffie-Hellman secrets. Its exact semantics and content are application specific.¶
In this application profile, this parameter is used to exchange information about the ECDH algorithm as well as about the authentication credentials and public keys to be used with it, in the groups indicated by the transferred Acces Token as per its 'scope' claim (see Section 3.2 of [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm]).¶
When used in the Token Transfer Request sent to the Group Manager, the 'ecdh_info' parameter has value the CBOR simple value "null" (0xf6). This is done to ask for information about the ECDH algorithm as well as about the authentication credentials and public keys to be used to compute static-static Diffie-Hellman shared secrets [NIST-800-56A], in the OSCORE groups that the Client has been authorized to join and that use the pairwise mode of Group OSCORE [I-D.ietf-core-oscore-groupcomm].¶
When used in the following Token Transfer Response from the Group Manager, the 'ecdh_info' parameter is a CBOR array of one or more elements. The number of elements is at most the number of OSCORE groups that the Client has been authorized to join.¶
Each element contains information about ECDH parameters as well as about authentication credentials and public keys, for one or more OSCORE groups that use the pairwise mode of Group OSCORE and that the Client has been authorized to join. Each element is formatted as follows.¶
The CDDL notation [RFC8610] of the 'ecdh_info' parameter is given below.¶
ecdh_info = ecdh_info_req / ecdh_info_resp
ecdh_info_req = null ; in the Token Transfer
; Request to the
; Group Manager
ecdh_info_res = [ + ecdh_info_entry ] ; in the Token Transfer
; Response from the
; Group Manager
ecdh_info_entry =
[
id : gname / [ + gname ],
ecdh_alg : int / tstr,
ecdh_parameters : [ any ],
ecdh_key_parameters : [ any ],
cred_fmt = int
]
gname = tstr
¶
This format is consistent with every ECDH algorithm currently defined in [RFC9053], i.e., with algorithms that have only the COSE key type as their COSE capability. Appendix B of this document describes how the format of each 'ecdh_info_entry' can be generalized for possible future registered algorithms having a different set of COSE capabilities.¶
The 'kdc_dh_creds' parameter is an OPTIONAL parameter of the request and response messages exchanged between the Client and the authz-info endpoint at the RS (see Section 5.10.1. of [RFC9200]).¶
This parameter allows the Client to request and retrieve the Diffie-Hellman authentication credentials of the RS, i.e., authentication credentials including a Diffie-Hellman public key of the RS.¶
In this application profile, this parameter is used to request and retrieve from the Group Manager its Diffie-Hellman authentication credentials to use, in the OSCORE groups that the Client has been authorized to join. The Group Manager has specifically a Diffie-Hellman authentication credential in an OSCORE group, and thus a Diffie-Hellman public key in that group, if and only if the group is a pairwise-only group. In this case, the early retrieval of the Group Manager's authentication credential is necessary in order for the joining node to prove the possession of its own private key, upon joining the group (see Section 6.1).¶
When used in the Token Transfer Request sent to the Group Manager, the 'kdc_dh_creds' parameter has value the CBOR simple value "null" (0xf6). This is done to ask for the Diffie-Hellman authentication credentials that the Group Manager uses in the OSCORE groups that the Client has been authorized to join.¶
When used in the following Token Transfer Response from the Group Manager, the 'kdc_dh_creds' parameter is a CBOR array of one or more elements. The number of elements is at most the number of OSCORE groups that the Client has been authorized to join.¶
Each element 'kdc_dh_creds_entry' contains information about the Group Manager's Diffie-Hellman authentication credentials, for one or more OSCORE groups that are pairwise-only groups and that the Client has been authorized to join. Each element is formatted as follows.¶
The CDDL notation [RFC8610] of the 'kdc_dh_creds' parameter is given below.¶
kdc_dh_creds = kdc_dh_creds_req / kdc_dh_creds_resp
kdc_dh_creds_req = null ; in the Token Transfer
; Request to the
; Group Manager
kdc_dh_creds_res = [ + kdc_dh_creds_entry ] ; in the Token Transfer
; Response from the
; Group Manager
kdc_dh_creds_entry =
[
id : gname / [ + gname ],
cred_fmt = int,
cred = bstr
]
gname = tstr
¶
This section describes the interactions between the joining node and the Group Manager to join an OSCORE group. The message exchange between the joining node and the Group Manager consists of the messages defined in Section 4.3.1.1 of [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm]. Note that what is defined in [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm] applies, and only additions or modifications to that specification are defined in this document.¶
The joining node requests to join the OSCORE group by sending a Join Request message to the related group-membership resource at the Group Manager, as per Section 4.3.1.1 of [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm]. Additionally to what is defined in Section 4.3.1 of [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm], the following applies.¶
The 'get_creds' parameter is present only if the joining node wants to retrieve the authentication credentials of the group members from the Group Manager during the joining process (see Section 4). Otherwise, this parameter MUST NOT be present.¶
If this parameter is present and its value is not the CBOR simple value "null" (0xf6), each element of the inner CBOR array 'role_filter' is encoded as a CBOR unsigned integer, with the same value of a permission set ("Tperm") indicating that role or combination of roles in a scope entry, as defined in Section 3.¶
The proof-of-possession (PoP) evidence included in 'client_cred_verify' is computed as defined below (REQ14). In either case, the N_S used to build the PoP input is as defined in Section 6.1.1.¶
If the group is a pairwise-only group, the PoP evidence MUST be a MAC computed as follows, by using the HKDF Algorithm HKDF SHA-256, which consists of composing the HKDF-Extract and HKDF-Expand steps [RFC5869].¶
MAC = HKDF(salt, IKM, info, L)¶
The input parameters of HKDF are as follows.¶
The value of the N_S challenge is determined as follows.¶
If the provisioning of the Access Token to the Group Manager has relied on the DTLS profile of ACE [RFC9202], and the Access Token was specified:¶
then N_S is an exporter value computed as defined in Section 7.5 of [RFC8446]. Specifically, N_S is exported from the DTLS session between the joining node and the Group Manager, using an empty 'context_value', 32 bytes as 'key_length', and the exporter label "EXPORTER-ACE-Sign-Challenge-coap-group-oscore-app" defined in Section 16.7 of this document.¶
It is up to applications to define how N_S is computed in further alternative settings.¶
Section 15.3 provides security considerations on the reusage of the N_S challenge.¶
The Group Manager processes the Join Request as defined in Section 4.3.1 of [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm], with the following additions.¶
The Group Manager verifies the PoP evidence contained in 'client_cred_verify' as follows:¶
The Group Manager MUST reply with a 5.03 (Service Unavailable) error response in the following cases:¶
The Group Manager MUST reply with a 4.00 (Bad Request) error response in the following cases:¶
The 'client_cred' parameter is not present in the Join Request while the joining node is not going to join the group exclusively as monitor, and any of the following conditions holds:¶
In order to prevent the acceptance of Ed25519 and Ed448 public keys that cannot be successfully converted to Montgomery coordinates, and thus cannot be used for the derivation of pairwise keys (see Section 2.4.1 of [I-D.ietf-core-oscore-groupcomm]), the Group Manager MAY reply with a 4.00 (Bad Request) error response in case all the following conditions hold:¶
The authentication credential of the joining node from the 'client_cred' parameter includes a public key which:¶
A 4.00 (Bad Request) error response from the Group Manager to the joining node MUST have content format application/ace-groupcomm+cbor. The response payload is a CBOR map formatted as follows:¶
When receiving a 4.00 (Bad Request) error response, the joining node MAY send a new Join Request to the Group Manager. In such a case:¶
If the processing of the Join Request described in Section 6.2 is successful, the Group Manager updates the group membership by registering the joining node NODENAME as a new member of the OSCORE group GROUPNAME, as described in Section 4.3.1 of [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm].¶
If the joining node has not taken exclusively the role of monitor, the Group Manager performs also the following actions.¶
The Group Manager selects an available OSCORE Sender ID in the OSCORE group, and exclusively assigns it to the joining node. The Group Manager MUST NOT assign an OSCORE Sender ID to the joining node if this joins the group exclusively with the role of monitor, according to what is specified in the Access Token (see Section 5.2).¶
Consistently with Section 3.2.1 of [I-D.ietf-core-oscore-groupcomm], the Group Manager MUST assign an OSCORE Sender ID that has not been used in the OSCORE group since the latest time when the current Gid value was assigned to the group.¶
If the joining node is recognized as a current group member, e.g., through the ongoing secure communication association, the following also applies.¶
Then, the Group Manager replies to the joining node, providing the updated security parameters and keying meterial necessary to participate in the group communication. This success Join Response is formatted as defined in Section 4.3.1 of [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm], with the following additions:¶
The 'key' parameter includes what the joining node needs in order to set up the Group OSCORE Security Context as per Section 2 of [I-D.ietf-core-oscore-groupcomm].¶
This parameter has as value a Group_OSCORE_Input_Material object, which is defined in this document and extends the OSCORE_Input_Material object encoded in CBOR as defined in Section 3.2.1 of [RFC9203]. In particular, it contains the additional parameters 'group_senderId', 'cred_fmt', 'sign_enc_alg', 'sign_alg', 'sign_params', 'ecdh_alg' and 'ecdh_params' defined in Section 16.6 of this document.¶
More specifically, the 'key' parameter is composed as follows.¶
The 'cred_fmt' parameter specifies the format of authentication credentials used in the OSCORE group. This parameter MUST be present and it takes value from the "Label" column of the "COSE Header Parameters" registry [COSE.Header.Parameters] (REQ6). Consistently with Section 2.3 of [I-D.ietf-core-oscore-groupcomm], acceptable values denote a format that MUST explicitly provide the public key as well as the comprehensive set of information related to the public key algorithm, including, e.g., the used elliptic curve (when applicable).¶
At the time of writing this specification, acceptable formats of authentication credentials are CBOR Web Tokens (CWTs) and CWT Claims Sets (CCSs) [RFC8392], X.509 certificates [RFC7925] and C509 certificates [I-D.ietf-cose-cbor-encoded-cert]. Further formats may be available in the future, and would be acceptable to use as long as they comply with the criteria defined above.¶
[ As to CWTs and CCSs, the COSE Header Parameters 'kcwt' and 'kccs' are under pending registration requested by draft-ietf-lake-edhoc. ]¶
[ As to C509 certificates, the COSE Header Parameters 'c5b' and 'c5c' are under pending registration requested by draft-ietf-cose-cbor-encoded-cert. ]¶
The 'key' parameter MUST also include the following parameters, if and only if the OSCORE group is not a pairwise-only group.¶
The 'sign_params' parameter, specifying the parameters of the Signature Algorithm. This parameter is a CBOR array, which includes the following two elements:¶
The 'key' parameter MUST also include the following parameters, if and only if the OSCORE group is not a signature-only group.¶
The 'ecdh_params' parameter, specifying the parameters of the Pairwise Key Agreement Algorithm. This parameter is a CBOR array, which includes the following two elements:¶
The format of 'key' defined above is consistent with every signature algorithm and ECDH algorithm currently considered in [RFC9053], i.e., with algorithms that have only the COSE key type as their COSE capability. Appendix B of this document describes how the format of the 'key' parameter can be generalized for possible future registered algorithms having a different set of COSE capabilities.¶
Furthermore, the following applies.¶
The 'creds' parameter, if present, includes the authentication credentials requested by the joining node by means of the 'get_creds' parameter in the Join Request.¶
If the joining node has asked for the authentication credentials of all the group members, i.e., 'get_creds' had value the CBOR simple value "null" (0xf6) in the Join Request, then the Group Manager provides only the authentication credentials of the group members that are relevant to the joining node. That is, in such a case, 'creds' includes only: i) the authentication credentials of the responders currently in the OSCORE group, in case the joining node is configured (also) as requester; and ii) the authentication credentials of the requesters currently in the OSCORE group, in case the joining node is configured (also) as responder or monitor.¶
The 'group_policies' parameter SHOULD be present, and SHOULD include the following elements:¶
The 'kdc_cred_verify' parameter MUST be present, specifying the proof-of-possession (PoP) evidence computed by the Group Manager. The PoP evidence is computed over the nonce N_KDC, which is specified in the 'kdc_nonce' parameter and taken as PoP input. The PoP evidence is computed as defined below (REQ21).¶
If the group is a pairwise-only group, the PoP evidence MUST be a MAC computed as follows, by using the HKDF Algorithm HKDF SHA-256, which consists of composing the HKDF-Extract and HKDF-Expand steps [RFC5869].¶
MAC = HKDF(salt, IKM, info, L)¶
The input parameters of HKDF are as follows.¶
As a last action, if the Group Manager reassigns Gid values during the group's lifetime (see Section 3.2.1.1 of [I-D.ietf-core-oscore-groupcomm]), then the Group Manager MUST store the Gid specified in the 'contextId' parameter of the 'key' parameter, as the Birth Gid of the joining node in the joined group (see Section 3 of [I-D.ietf-core-oscore-groupcomm]). This applies also in case the joining node is in fact re-joining the group; in such a case, the newly determined Birth Gid overwrites the one currently stored.¶
Upon receiving the Join Response, the joining node retrieves the Group Manager's authentication credential from the 'kdc_cred' parameter. The joining node MUST verify the proof-of-possession (PoP) evidence specified in the 'kdc_cred_verify' parameter of the Join Response as defined below (REQ21).¶
In case of failed verification of the PoP evidence, the joining node MUST stop processing the Join Response and MAY send a new Join Request to the Group Manager (see Section 6.1).¶
In case of successful verification of the PoP evidence, the joining node uses the information received in the Join Response to set up the Group OSCORE Security Context, as described in Section 2 of [I-D.ietf-core-oscore-groupcomm]. If the following parameters were not included in the 'key' parameter of the Join Response, the joining node considers the default values specified below, consistently with Section 3.2 of [RFC8613].¶
In addition, the joining node maintains an association between each authentication credential retrieved from the 'creds' parameter and the role(s) that the corresponding group member has in the OSCORE group.¶
From then on, the joining node can exchange group messages secured with Group OSCORE as described in [I-D.ietf-core-oscore-groupcomm]. When doing so:¶
If the application requires backward security, the Group Manager MUST generate updated security parameters and group keying material, and provide it to the current group members, upon the new node's joining (see Section 11). In such a case, the joining node is not able to access secure communication in the OSCORE group occurred prior its joining.¶
In a number of cases, the Group Manager has to generate new keying material and distribute it to the group (rekeying), as also discussed in Section 3.2 of [I-D.ietf-core-oscore-groupcomm].¶
To this end the Group Manager MUST support the Group Rekeying Process described in Section 11 of this document, as an instance of the "Point-to-Point" rekeying scheme defined in Section 6.1 of [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm] and registered in Section 11.12 of [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm]. Future documents may define the use of alternative group rekeying schemes for this application profile, together with the corresponding rekeying message formats. The resulting group rekeying process MUST comply with the functional steps defined in Section 3.2 of [I-D.ietf-core-oscore-groupcomm].¶
Upon generating the new group keying material and before starting its distribution, the Group Manager MUST increment the version number of the group keying material. When rekeying a group, the Group Manager MUST preserve the current value of the OSCORE Sender ID of each member in that group.¶
The data distributed to a group through a rekeying MUST include:¶
A new Group Identifier (Gid) for the group as introduced in [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm], used as ID Context parameter of the Group OSCORE Common Security Context of that group (see Section 2 of [I-D.ietf-core-oscore-groupcomm]).¶
Note that the Gid differs from the group name also introduced in [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm], which is a plain, stable and invariant identifier, with no cryptographic relevance and meaning.¶
Also, the data distributed through a group rekeying MAY include a new value for the Master Salt parameter of the Group OSCORE Common Security Context of that group.¶
The Group Manager MUST rekey the group in the following cases.¶
One or more nodes leave the group - That is, the group is rekeyed when one or more current members spontaneously request to leave the group (see Section 9.11), or when the Group Manager forcibly evicts them from the group, e.g., due to expired or revoked authorization (see Section 10). Therefore, a leaving node cannot access communications in the group after its leaving, thus ensuring forward security in the group.¶
Due to the set of stale Sender IDs distributed through the rekeying, this ensures that a node owning the latest group keying material does not store the authentication credentials of former group members (see Sections 3.2 and 12.1 of [I-D.ietf-core-oscore-groupcomm]).¶
The Group Manager MAY rekey the group for other reasons, e.g., according to an application-specific rekeying period or scheduling.¶
Throughout the lifetime of every group, the Group Manager MUST maintain a collection of stale Sender IDs for that group.¶
The collection associated with a group MUST include up to N > 1 ordered sets of stale OSCORE Sender IDs. It is up to the application to specify the value of N, possibly on a per-group basis.¶
The N-th set includes the Sender IDs that have become "stale" under the current version V of the group keying material. The (N - 1)-th set refers to the immediately previous version (V - 1) of the group keying material, and so on.¶
In the following cases, the Group Manager MUST add a new element to the most recent set X, i.e., the set associated with the current version V of the group keying material.¶
The value of N can change throughout the lifetime of the group. If the new value N' is smaller than N, the Group Manager MUST preserve the (up to) N' most recent sets in the collection and MUST delete any possible older set from the collection.¶
Finally, the Group Manager MUST perform the following actions, when the group is rekeyed and the group shifts to the next version V' = (V + 1) of the group keying material.¶
The Group Manager provides the interface defined in Section 4.1 of [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm], with the additional sub-resources defined from Section 8.1 to Section 8.3 of this document.¶
Furthermore, Section 8.4 provides a summary of the CoAP methods admitted to access different resources at the Group Manager, for nodes with different roles in the group or as non members (REQ11).¶
The GROUPNAME segment of the URI path MUST match with the group name specified in the scope entry of the Access Token scope (i.e., 'gname' in Section 3.1 of [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm]) (REQ7).¶
The Resource Type (rt=) Link Target Attribute value "core.osc.gm" is registered in Section 16.11 (REQ10), and can be used to describe group-membership resources and its sub-resources at a Group Manager, e.g., by using a link-format document [RFC6690].¶
Applications can use this common resource type to discover links to group-membership resources for joining OSCORE groups, e.g., by using the approach described in [I-D.tiloca-core-oscore-discovery].¶
This resource implements a GET handler.¶
The handler expects a GET request.¶
In addition to what is defined in Section 4.1.2 of [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm], the handler verifies that the requesting Client is a current member of the group. If the verification fails, the KDC MUST reply with a 4.03 (Forbidden) error response. The response MUST have Content-Format set to application/ace-groupcomm+cbor and is formatted as defined in Section 4.1.2 of [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm]. The value of the 'error' field MUST be set to 0 ("Operation permitted only to group members").¶
If all verifications succeed, the handler replies with a 2.05 (Content) response, specifying the current status of the group, i.e., active or inactive. The payload of the response is formatted as defined in Section 9.9.¶
The method to set the current group status is out of the scope of this document, and is defined for the administrator interface of the Group Manager specified in [I-D.ietf-ace-oscore-gm-admin].¶
This resource implements a GET handler.¶
The handler expects a GET request.¶
In addition to what is defined in Section 4.1.2 of [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm], the Group Manager performs the following checks.¶
If the requesting Client is a current group member, the Group Manager MUST reply with a 4.03 (Forbidden) error response. The response MUST have Content-Format set to application/ace-groupcomm+cbor and is formatted as defined in Section 4.1.2 of [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm]. The value of the 'error' field MUST be set to 8 ("Operation permitted only to signature verifiers").¶
If GROUPNAME denotes a pairwise-only group, the Group Manager MUST reply with a 4.00 (Bad Request) error response. The response MUST have Content-Format set to application/ace-groupcomm+cbor and is formatted as defined in Section 4.1.2 of [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm]. The value of the 'error' field MUST be set to 7 ("Signatures not used in the group").¶
If all verifications succeed, the handler replies with a 2.05 (Content) response, specifying data that allow also an external signature verifier to verify signatures of messages protected with the group mode and sent to the group (see Sections 3.1 and 8.5 of [I-D.ietf-core-oscore-groupcomm]). The response MUST have Content-Format set to application/ace-groupcomm+cbor. The payload of the response is a CBOR map, which is formatted as defined in Section 9.6.¶
This resource implements a FETCH handler.¶
The handler expects a FETCH request, whose payload specifies a version number of the group keying material, encoded as an unsigned CBOR integer.¶
In addition to what is defined in Section 4.1.2 of [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm], the handler verifies that the requesting Client is a current member of the group. If the verification fails, the Group Manager MUST reply with a 4.03 (Forbidden) error response. The response MUST have Content-Format set to application/ace-groupcomm+cbor and is formatted as defined in Section 4.1.2 of [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm]. The value of the 'error' field MUST be set to 0 ("Operation permitted only to group members").¶
If all verifications succeed, the handler replies with a 2.05 (Content) response, specifying data that allow the requesting Client to delete the Recipient Contexts and authentication credentials associated with former members of the group (see Section 3.2 of [I-D.ietf-core-oscore-groupcomm]. The payload of the response is formatted as defined in Section 11.3.1.¶
The table in Figure 2 summarizes the CoAP methods admitted to access different resources at the Group Manager, for (non-)members of a group with group name GROUPNAME, and considering different roles. The last two rows of the table apply to a node with node name NODENAME.¶
+---------------------------------+--------+-------+-------+-------+
| Resource | Type1 | Type2 | Type3 | Type4 |
+---------------------------------+--------+-------+-------+-------+
| ace-group/ | F | F | F | F |
+---------------------------------+--------+-------+-------+-------+
| ace-group/GROUPNAME/ | G Po | G Po | Po * | Po |
+---------------------------------+--------+-------+-------+-------+
| ace-group/GROUPNAME/active | G | G | - | - |
+---------------------------------+--------+-------+-------+-------+
| ace-group/GROUPNAME/verif-data | - | - | G | - |
+---------------------------------+--------+-------+-------+-------+
| ace-group/GROUPNAME/creds | G F | G F | G F | - |
+---------------------------------+--------+-------+-------+-------+
| ace-group/GROUPNAME/kdc-cred | G | G | G | - |
+---------------------------------+--------+-------+-------+-------+
| ace-group/GROUPNAME/stale-sids | F | F | - | - |
+---------------------------------+--------+-------+-------+-------+
| ace-group/GROUPNAME/policies | G | G | - | - |
+---------------------------------+--------+-------+-------+-------+
| ace-group/GROUPNAME/num | G | G | - | - |
+---------------------------------+--------+-------+-------+-------+
| ace-group/GROUPNAME/nodes/ | G Pu D | G D | - | - |
| NODENAME | | | | |
+---------------------------------+--------+-------+-------+-------+
| ace-group/GROUPNAME/nodes/ | Po | - | - | - |
| NODENAME/pub-key | | | | |
+---------------------------------+--------+-------+-------+-------+
CoAP methods: G = GET; F = FETCH; Po = POST; Pu = PUT; D = DELETE
Type1 = Member as Requester and/or Responder
Type2 = Member as Monitor
Type3 = Non-member (authorized to be signature verifier)
(*) = cannot join the group as signature verifier
Type4 = Non-member (not authorized to be signature verifier)
Just like any candidate group member, a signature verifier provides the Group Manager with an Access Token, as described in Section 5.3. However, unlike candidate group members, it does not join any OSCORE group, i.e., it does not perform the joining process defined in Section 6.¶
After successfully transferring an Access Token to the Group Manager, a signature verifier is allowed to perform only some operations as non-member of a group, and only for the OSCORE groups specified in the validated Access Token. These are the operations specified in Section 9.3, Section 9.5, Section 9.6 and Section 9.10.¶
Consistently, in case a node is not a member of the group with group name GROUPNAME and is authorized to be only signature verifier for that group, the Group Manager MUST reply with a 4.03 (Forbidden) error response if that node attempts to access any other endpoint than: /ace-group; ace-group/GROUPNAME/verif-data; /ace-group/GROUPNAME/creds; and ace-group/GROUPNAME/kdc-cred.¶
Building on what is defined in Section 4.1.1 of [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm], and with reference to the resources at the Group Manager newly defined earlier in Section 8 of this document, it is expected that a Client minimally supports also the following set of operations and corresponding interactions with the Group Manager (REQ12).¶
This section defines the possible interactions with the Group Manager, in addition to the group joining specified in Section 6.¶
At some point, a group member considers the Group OSCORE Security Context invalid and to be renewed. This happens, for instance, after a number of unsuccessful security processing of incoming messages from other group members, or when the Security Context expires as specified by the 'exp' parameter of the Join Response.¶
When this happens, the group member retrieves updated security parameters and group keying material. This can occur in the two different ways described below.¶
If the group member wants to retrieve only the latest group keying material, it sends a Key Distribution Request to the Group Manager.¶
In particular, it sends a CoAP GET request to the endpoint /ace-group/GROUPNAME at the Group Manager.¶
The Group Manager processes the Key Distribution Request according to Section 4.3.2 of [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm]. The Key Distribution Response is formatted as defined in Section 4.3.2 of [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm], with the following additions.¶
Upon receiving the Key Distribution Response, the group member retrieves the updated security parameters and group keying material, and, if they differ from the current ones, uses them to set up the new Group OSCORE Security Context as described in Section 2 of [I-D.ietf-core-oscore-groupcomm].¶
If the group member wants to retrieve the latest group keying material as well as the OSCORE Sender ID that it has in the OSCORE group, it sends a Key Distribution Request to the Group Manager.¶
In particular, it sends a CoAP GET request to the endpoint /ace-group/GROUPNAME/nodes/NODENAME at the Group Manager.¶
The Group Manager processes the Key Distribution Request according to Section 4.8.1 of [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm]. The Key Distribution Response is formatted as defined in Section 4.8.1 of [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm], with the following additions.¶
The 'key' parameter is formatted as defined in Section 6.3 of this document. In particular, if the requesting group member has exclusively the role of monitor, then the 'key' parameter does not include the 'group_SenderId'.¶
Note that, in any other case, the current Sender ID of the group member is not specified as a separate parameter, but rather specified by 'group_SenderId' within the 'key' parameter.¶
Upon receiving the Key Distribution Response, the group member retrieves the updated security parameters, group keying material and Sender ID, and, if they differ from the current ones, uses them to set up the new Group OSCORE Security Context as described in Section 2 of [I-D.ietf-core-oscore-groupcomm].¶
As discussed in Section 2.5.2 of [I-D.ietf-core-oscore-groupcomm], a group member may at some point exhaust its Sender Sequence Numbers in the OSCORE group.¶
When this happens, the group member MUST send a Key Renewal Request message to the Group Manager, as per Section 4.8.2.1 of [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm]. In particular, it sends a CoAP PUT request to the endpoint /ace-group/GROUPNAME/nodes/NODENAME at the Group Manager.¶
Upon receiving the Key Renewal Request, the Group Manager processes it as defined in Section 4.8.2 of [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm], with the following additions.¶
The Group Manager MUST return a 5.03 (Service Unavailable) response in case the OSCORE group identified by GROUPNAME is currently inactive (see Section 8.1). The response MUST have Content-Format set to application/ace-groupcomm+cbor and is formatted as defined in Section 4.1.2 of [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm]. The value of the 'error' field MUST be set to 9 ("Group currently not active").¶
Otherwise, the Group Manager performs one of the following actions.¶
Otherwise, the Group Manager takes one of the following actions.¶
The Group Manager rekeys the OSCORE group. That is, the Group Manager generates new group keying material for that group (see Section 11), and replies to the group member with a group rekeying message as defined in Section 11, providing the new group keying material. Then, the Group Manager rekeys the rest of the OSCORE group, as discussed in Section 11.¶
The Group Manager SHOULD perform a group rekeying only if already scheduled to occur shortly, e.g., according to an application-specific rekeying period or scheduling, or as a reaction to a recent change in the group membership. In any other case, the Group Manager SHOULD NOT rekey the OSCORE group when receiving a Key Renewal Request (OPT12).¶
The Group Manager determines and assigns a new OSCORE Sender ID for that group member, and replies with a Key Renewal Response formatted as defined in Section 4.8.2 of [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm]. In particular, the CBOR Map in the response payload includes a single parameter 'group_SenderId' defined in Section 16.3 of this document, specifying the new Sender ID of the group member encoded as a CBOR byte string.¶
Consistently with Section 2.5.3.1 of [I-D.ietf-core-oscore-groupcomm], the Group Manager MUST assign a new Sender ID that has not been used in the OSCORE group since the latest time when the current Gid value was assigned to the group.¶
Furthermore, the Group Manager MUST add the old, relinquished Sender ID of the group member to the most recent set of stale Sender IDs, in the collection associated with the group (see Section 7.1).¶
The Group Manager MUST return a 5.03 (Service Unavailable) response in case there are currently no Sender IDs available to assign in the OSCORE group. The response MUST have Content-Format set to application/ace-groupcomm+cbor and is formatted as defined in Section 4.1.2 of [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm]. The value of the 'error' field MUST be set to 4 ("No available node identifiers").¶
A group member or a signature verifier may need to retrieve the authentication credentials of (other) group members. To this end, the group member or signature verifier sends an Authentication Credential Request message to the Group Manager, as per Sections 4.4.1.1 and 4.4.2.1 of [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm]. In particular, it sends the request to the endpoint /ace-group/GROUPNAME/creds at the Group Manager.¶
If the Authentication Credential Request uses the method FETCH, the Authentication Credential Request is formatted as defined in Section 4.4.1 of [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm]. In particular:¶
Upon receiving the Authentication Credential Request, the Group Manager processes it as per Section 4.4.1 or Section 4.4.2 of [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm], depending on the request method being FETCH or GET, respectively. Additionally, if the Authentication Credential Request uses the method FETCH, the Group Manager silently ignores node identifiers included in the 'get_creds' parameter of the request that are not associated with any current group member (REQ26).¶
The success Authentication Credential Response is formatted as defined in Section 4.4.1 or Section 4.4.2 of [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm], depending on the request method being FETCH or GET, respectively.¶
A group member may need to provide the Group Manager with its new authentication credential to use in the group from then on, hence replacing the current one. This can be the case, for instance, if the signature or ECDH algorithm and possible associated parameters used in the OSCORE group have been changed, and the current authentication credential is not compatible with them.¶
To this end, the group member sends an Authentication Credential Update Request message to the Group Manager, as per Section 4.9.1.1 of [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm], with the following addition.¶
In particular, the group member sends a CoAP POST request to the endpoint /ace-group/GROUPNAME/nodes/NODENAME/cred at the Group Manager.¶
Upon receiving the Authentication Credential Update Request, the Group Manager processes it as per Section 4.9.1 of [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm], with the following additions.¶
A group member or a signature verifier may need to retrieve the authentication credential of the Group Manager. To this end, the requesting Client sends a KDC Authentication Credential Request message to the Group Manager.¶
In particular, it sends a CoAP GET request to the endpoint /ace-group/GROUPNAME/kdc-cred at the Group Manager defined in Section 4.5.1.1 of [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm], where GROUPNAME is the name of the OSCORE group.¶
In addition to what is defined in Section 4.5.1 of [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm], the Group Manager MUST respond with a 4.00 (Bad Request) error response, if the requesting Client is not a current group member and GROUPNAME denotes a pairwise-only group. The response MUST have Content-Format set to application/ace-groupcomm+cbor and is formatted as defined in Section 4.1.2 of [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm]. The value of the 'error' field MUST be set to 7 ("Signatures not used in the group").¶
The payload of the 2.05 (Content) KDC Authentication Credential Response is a CBOR map, which is formatted as defined in Section 4.5.1 of [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm]. In particular, the Group Manager specifies the parameters 'kdc_cred', 'kdc_nonce' and 'kdc_challenge' as defined for the Join Response in Section 6.3 of this document. This especially applies to the computing of the proof-of-possession (PoP) evidence included in 'kdc_cred_verify' (REQ21).¶
Upon receiving a 2.05 (Content) KDC Authentication Credential Response, the requesting Client retrieves the Group Manager's authentication credential from the 'kdc_cred' parameter, and proceeds as defined in Section 4.5.1.1 of [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm]. In particular, the requesting Client verifies the PoP evidence included in 'kdc_cred_verify' by means of the same method used when processing the Join Response, as defined in Section 6.3 of this document (REQ21).¶
Note that a signature verifier would not receive a successful response from the Group Manager, in case GROUPNAME denotes a pairwise-only group.¶
A signature verifier may need to retrieve data required to verify signatures of messages protected with the group mode and sent to a group (see Sections 3.1 and 8.5 of [I-D.ietf-core-oscore-groupcomm]). To this end, the signature verifier sends a Signature Verification Data Request message to the Group Manager.¶
In particular, it sends a CoAP GET request to the endpoint /ace-group/GROUPNAME/verif-data at the Group Manager defined in Section 8.2 of this document, where GROUPNAME is the name of the OSCORE group.¶
The payload of the 2.05 (Content) Signature Verification Data Response is a CBOR map, which has the format used for the Join Response message in Section 6.3, with the following differences.¶
From the Join Response message, only the parameters 'gkty', 'key', 'num', 'exp' and 'ace-groupcomm-profile' are present. In particular, the 'key' parameter includes only the following data.¶
In order to verify signatures in the group (see Section 8.5 of [I-D.ietf-core-oscore-groupcomm]), the signature verifier relies on: the data retrieved from the 2.05 (Content) Signature Verification Data Response; the public keys of the group members signing the messages to verify, retrieved from those members' authentication credentials that can be obtained as defined in Section 9.3; and the public key of the Group Manager, retrieved from the Group Manager's authentication credential that can be obtained as defined in Section 9.5.¶
Figure 3 gives an overview of the exchange described above, while Figure 4 shows an example.¶
Signature Group Verifier Manager | | | Signature Verification Data Request | |------------------------------------------------------------>| | GET ace-group/GROUPNAME/verif-data | | | |<--- Signature Verification Data Response: 2.05 (Content) ---| | |
Request:
Header: GET (Code=0.01)
Uri-Host: "kdc.example.com"
Uri-Path: "ace-group"
Uri-Path: "g1"
Uri-Path: "verif-data"
Payload: -
Response:
Header: Content (Code=2.05)
Content-Format: "application/ace-groupcomm+cbor"
Payload (in CBOR diagnostic notation, with GROUPCOMM_KEY_TBD
and PROFILE_TBD being CBOR integers, while GROUP_ENC_KEY
being a CBOR byte string):
{
"gkty": GROUPCOMM_KEY_TBD,
"key": {
'hkdf': 5, ; HMAC 256/256
'contextId': h'37fc',
'cred_fmt': 33, ; x5chain
'sign_enc_alg': 10, ; AES-CCM-16-64-128
'sign_alg': -8, ; EdDSA
'sign_params': [[1], [1, 6]] ; [[OKP], [OKP, Ed25519]]
},
"num": 12,
"exp": 1609459200,
"ace_groupcomm_profile": PROFILE_TBD,
"group_enc_key": GROUP_ENC_KEY
}
A group member may request the current policies used in the OSCORE group. To this end, the group member sends a Policies Request, as per Section 4.6.1.1 of [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm]. In particular, it sends a CoAP GET request to the endpoint /ace-group/GROUPNAME/policies at the Group Manager, where GROUPNAME is the name of the OSCORE group.¶
Upon receiving the Policies Request, the Group Manager processes it as per Section 4.6.1 of [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm]. The success Policies Response is formatted as defined in Section 4.6.1 of [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm].¶
A group member may request the current version of the keying material used in the OSCORE group. To this end, the group member sends a Version Request, as per Section 4.7.1.1 of [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm]. In particular, it sends a CoAP GET request to the endpoint /ace-group/GROUPNAME/num at the Group Manager, where GROUPNAME is the name of the OSCORE group.¶
Upon receiving the Version Request, the Group Manager processes it as per Section 4.7.1 of [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm]. The success Version Response is formatted as defined in Section 4.7.1 of [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm].¶
A group member may request the current status of the the OSCORE group, i.e., active or inactive. To this end, the group member sends a Group Status Request to the Group Manager.¶
In particular, the group member sends a CoAP GET request to the endpoint /ace-group/GROUPNAME/active at the Group Manager defined in Section 8.1 of this document, where GROUPNAME is the name of the OSCORE group.¶
The payload of the 2.05 (Content) Group Status Response includes the CBOR simple value "true" (0xf5) if the group is currently active, or the CBOR simple value "false" (0xf4) otherwise. The group is considered active if it is set to allow new members to join, and if communication within the group is fine to happen.¶
Upon learning from a 2.05 (Content) response that the group is currently inactive, the group member SHOULD stop taking part in communications within the group, until it becomes active again.¶
Upon learning from a 2.05 (Content) response that the group has become active again, the group member can resume taking part in communications within the group.¶
Figure 5 gives an overview of the exchange described above, while Figure 6 shows an example.¶
Group Group Member Manager | | |--- Group Status Request: GET ace-group/GROUPNAME/active --->| | | |<---------- Group Status Response: 2.05 (Content) -----------| | |
Request:
Header: GET (Code=0.01)
Uri-Host: "kdc.example.com"
Uri-Path: "ace-group"
Uri-Path: "g1"
Uri-Path: "active"
Payload: -
Response:
Header: Content (Code=2.05)
Payload (in CBOR diagnostic notation):
true
A node may want to retrieve from the Group Manager the group name and the URI of the group-membership resource of a group. This is relevant in the following cases.¶
As current group member in several groups, the node has missed a previous group rekeying in one of them (see Section 11). Hence, it retains stale keying material and fails to decrypt received messages exchanged in that group.¶
Such messages do not provide a direct hint to the correct group name, that the node would need in order to retrieve the latest keying material and authentication credentials from the Group Manager (see Section 9.1.1, Section 9.1.2 and Section 9.3). However, such messages may specify the current Gid of the group, as value of the 'kid_context' field of the OSCORE CoAP option (see Section 6.1 of [RFC8613] and Section 4.2 of [I-D.ietf-core-oscore-groupcomm]).¶
As signature verifier, the node also refers to a group name for retrieving the required authentication credentials from the Group Manager (see Section 9.3). As discussed above, intercepted messages do not provide a direct hint to the correct group name, while they may specify the current Gid of the group, as value of the 'kid_context' field of the OSCORE CoAP option. In such a case, upon intercepting a message in the group, the node requires to correctly map the Gid currently used in the group with the invariant group name.¶
Furthermore, since it is not a group member, the node does not take part to a possible group rekeying. Thus, following a group rekeying and the consequent change of Gid in a group, the node would retain the old Gid value and cannot correctly associate intercepted messages to the right group, especially if acting as signature verifier in several groups. This in turn prevents the efficient verification of signatures, and especially the retrieval of required, new authentication credentials from the Group Manager.¶
In either case, the node only knows the current Gid of the group, as learned from received or intercepted messages exchanged in the group. As detailed below, the node can contact the Group Manager, and request the group name and URI to the group-membership resource corresponding to that Gid. Then, it can use that information to either join the group as a candidate group member, get the latest keying material as a current group member, or retrieve authentication credentials used in the group as a signature verifier. To this end, the node sends a Group Name and URI Retrieval Request, as per Section 4.2.1.1 of [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm].¶
In particular, the node sends a CoAP FETCH request to the endpoint /ace-group at the Group Manager formatted as defined in Section 4.2.1 of [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm]. Each element of the CBOR array 'gid' is a CBOR byte string (REQ13), which encodes the Gid of the group for which the group name and the URI to the group-membership resource are requested.¶
Upon receiving the Group Name and URI Retrieval Request, the Group Manager processes it as per Section 4.2.1 of [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm]. The success Group Name and URI Retrieval Response is formatted as defined in Section 4.2.1 of [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm]. In particular, each element of the CBOR array 'gid' is a CBOR byte string (REQ13), which encodes the Gid of the group for which the group name and the URI to the group-membership resource are provided.¶
For each of its groups, the Group Manager maintains an association between the group name and the URI to the group-membership resource on one hand, and only the current Gid for that group on the other hand. That is, the Group Manager does not maintain an association between the former pair and any other Gid for that group than the current, most recent one.¶
Figure 7 gives an overview of the exchanges described above, while Figure 8 shows an example.¶
Group
Node Manager
| |
|---- Group Name and URI Retrieval Request: FETCH ace-group/ --->|
| |
|<--- Group Name and URI Retrieval Response: 2.05 (Content) -----|
| |
Request:
Header: FETCH (Code=0.05)
Uri-Host: "kdc.example.com"
Uri-Path: "ace-group"
Content-Format: "application/ace-groupcomm+cbor"
Payload (in CBOR diagnostic notation):
{
"gid": [h'37fc', h'84bd']
}
Response:
Header: Content (Code=2.05)
Content-Format: "application/ace-groupcomm+cbor"
Payload (in CBOR diagnostic notation):
{
"gid": [h'37fc', h'84bd'],
"gname": ["g1", "g2"],
"guri": ["ace-group/g1", "ace-group/g2"]
}
A group member may request to leave the OSCORE group. To this end, the group member sends a Group Leaving Request, as per Section 4.8.3.1 of [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm]. In particular, it sends a CoAP DELETE request to the endpoint /ace-group/GROUPNAME/nodes/NODENAME at the Group Manager.¶
Upon receiving the Group Leaving Request, the Group Manager processes it as per Section 4.8.3 of [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm]. Then, the Group Manager performs the follow-up actions defined in Section 10 of this document.¶
Other than after a spontaneous request to the Group Manager as described in Section 9.11, a node may be forcibly removed from the OSCORE group, e.g., due to expired or revoked authorization.¶
In either case, if the Group Manager reassigns Gid values during the group's lifetime (see Section 3.2.1.1 of [I-D.ietf-core-oscore-groupcomm]), the Group Manager "forgets" the Birth Gid currently associated with the leaving node in the OSCORE group. This was stored following the Join Response sent to that node, after its latest (re-)joining of the OSCORE group (see Section 6.3).¶
If any of the two conditions below holds, the Group Manager MUST inform the leaving node of its eviction as follows. If both conditions hold, the Group Manager MUST inform the leaving node by using only the method corresponding to one of either conditions.¶
Furthermore, the Group Manager might intend to evict all the current group members from the group at once. In such a case, if the Join Responses sent by the Group Manager to nodes joining the group (see Section 6.3) specify a URI in the 'control_group_uri' parameter defined in Section 4.3.1 of [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm], then the Group Manager MUST additionally send a DELETE request targeting the URI specified in the 'control_group_uri' parameter (OPT10).¶
If the leaving node has not exclusively the role of monitor, the Group Manager performs the following actions.¶
Then, the Group Manager MUST generate updated security parameters and group keying material, and provide it to the remaining group members (see Section 11). As a consequence, the leaving node is not able to acquire the new security parameters and group keying material distributed after its leaving.¶
The same considerations from Section 5 of [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm] apply here as well, considering the Group Manager acting as KDC.¶
In order to rekey the OSCORE group, the Group Manager distributes a new Group Identifier (Gid), i.e., a new OSCORE ID Context; a new OSCORE Master Secret; and, optionally, a new OSCORE Master Salt for that group. When doing so, the Group Manager MUST increment the version number of the group keying material, before starting its distribution.¶
As per Section 3.2.1.1 of [I-D.ietf-core-oscore-groupcomm], the Group Manager MAY reassign a Gid to the same group over that group's lifetime, e.g., once the whole space of Gid values has been used for the group in question. If the Group Manager supports reassignment of Gid values and performs it in a group, then the Group Manager additionally takes the following actions.¶
If any of such "elder members" is found in the group, the Group Manager MUST evict them from the group. That is, the Group Manager MUST terminate their membership and MUST rekey the group in such a way that the new keying material is not provided to those evicted elder members. This also includes adding their relinquished Sender IDs to the most recent set of stale Sender IDs, in the collection associated with the group (see Section 7.1), before rekeying the group.¶
Until a further following group rekeying, the Group Manager MUST store the list of those latest-evicted elder members. If any of those nodes re-joins the group before a further following group rekeying occurs, the Group Manager MUST NOT rekey the group upon their re-joining. When one of those nodes re-joins the group, the Group Manager can rely, e.g., on the ongoing secure communication association to recognize the node as included in the stored list.¶
Across the rekeying execution, the Group Manager MUST preserve the same unchanged OSCORE Sender IDs for all group members intended to remain in the group. This avoids affecting the retrieval of authentication credentials from the Group Manager and the verification of group messages.¶
The Group Manager MUST support the "Point-to-Point" group rekeying scheme registered in Section 11.12 of [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm], as per the detailed use defined in Section 11.1 of this document. Future specifications may define how this application profile can use alternative group rekeying schemes, which MUST comply with the functional steps defined in Section 3.2 of [I-D.ietf-core-oscore-groupcomm]. The Group Manager MUST indicate the use of such an alternative group rekeying scheme to joining nodes, by means of the 'group_rekeying' parameter included in Join Response messages (see Section 6.3).¶
It is RECOMMENDED that the Group Manager gets confirmation of successful distribution from the group members, and admits a maximum number of individual retransmissions to non-confirming group members. Once completed the group rekeying process, the Group Manager creates a new empty set X' of stale Sender IDs associated with the version of the newly distributed group keying material. Then, the Group Manager MUST add the set X' to the collection of stale Sender IDs associated with the group (see Section 7.1).¶
In case the rekeying terminates and some group members have not received the new keying material, they will not be able to correctly process following secured messages exchanged in the group. These group members will eventually contact the Group Manager, in order to retrieve the current keying material and its version.¶
Some of these group members may be in multiple groups, each associated with a different Group Manager. When failing to correctly process messages secured with the new keying material, these group members may not have sufficient information to determine which exact Group Manager they should contact, in order to retrieve the current keying material they are missing.¶
If the Gid is formatted as described in Appendix C of [I-D.ietf-core-oscore-groupcomm], the Group Prefix can be used as a hint to determine the right Group Manager, as long as no collisions among Group Prefixes are experienced. Otherwise, a group member needs to contact the Group Manager of each group, e.g., by first requesting only the version of the current group keying material (see Section 9.8) and then possibly requesting the current keying material (see Section 9.1.1).¶
Furthermore, some of these group members can be in multiple groups, all of which associated with the same Group Manager. In this case, these group members may also not have sufficient information to determine which exact group they should refer to, when contacting the right Group Manager. Hence, they need to contact a Group Manager multiple times, i.e., separately for each group they belong to and associated with that Group Manager.¶
Section 11.2 defines the actions performed by a group member upon receiving the new group keying material. Section 11.3 discusses how a group member can realize that it has missed one or more rekeying instances, and the actions it is accordingly required to take.¶
When using the "Point-to-Point" group rekeying scheme, the group rekeying messages MUST have Content-Format set to application/ace-groupcomm+cbor and have the same format used for the Join Response message in Section 6.3, with the following differences. Note that this extends the minimal content of a rekeying message as defined in Section 6 of [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm] (OPT14).¶
From the Join Response, only the parameters 'gkty', 'key', 'num', 'exp', and 'ace-groupcomm-profile' are present. In particular, the 'key' parameter includes only the following data.¶
The parameter 'stale_node_ids' MUST also be included, with CBOR label defined in Section 16.3. This parameter is encoded as a CBOR array, where each element is encoded as a CBOR byte string. The CBOR array has to be intended as a set, i.e., the order of its elements is irrelevant. The parameter is populated as follows.¶
The Group Manager separately sends a group rekeying message formatted as defined above to each group member to be rekeyed.¶
Each rekeying message MUST be secured with the pairwise secure communication association between the Group Manager and the group member used during the joining process. In particular, each rekeying message can target the 'control_uri' URI path defined in Section 4.3.1 of [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm] (OPT7), if provided by the intended recipient upon joining the group (see Section 6.1).¶
This distribution approach requires group members to act (also) as servers, in order to correctly handle unsolicited group rekeying messages from the Group Manager. In particular, if a group member and the Group Manager use OSCORE [RFC8613] to secure their pairwise communications, the group member MUST create a Replay Window in its own Recipient Context upon establishing the OSCORE Security Context with the Group Manager, e.g., by means of the OSCORE profile of ACE [RFC9203].¶
Group members and the Group Manager SHOULD additionally support alternative distribution approaches that do not require group members to act (also) as servers. A number of such approaches are defined in Section 6 of [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm]. In particular, a group member may use CoAP Observe [RFC7641] and subscribe for updates to the group-membership resource of the group, at the endpoint /ace-group/GROUPNAME/ of the Group Manager (see Section 6.1 of [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm]). Alternatively, a full-fledged Pub-Sub model can be considered [I-D.ietf-core-coap-pubsub], where the Group Manager publishes to a rekeying topic hosted at a Broker, while the group members subscribe to such topic (see Section 6.2 of [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm]).¶
Once received the new group keying material, a group member proceeds as follows. Unless otherwise specified, the following is independent of the specifically used group rekeying scheme.¶
The group member considers the stale Sender IDs received from the Group Manager. If the "Point-to-Point" group rekeying scheme as detailed in Section 11.1 is used, the stale Sender IDs are specified by the 'stale_node_ids' parameter.¶
After that, as per Section 3.2 of [I-D.ietf-core-oscore-groupcomm], the group member MUST remove every authentication credential associated with a stale Sender ID from its list of group members' authentication credentials used in the group, and MUST delete each of its Recipient Contexts used in the group whose corresponding Recipient ID is a stale Sender ID.¶
Then, the following cases can occur, based on the version number V' of the new group keying material distributed through the rekeying process. If the "Point-to-Point" group rekeying scheme as detailed in Section 11.1 is used, this information is specified by the 'num' parameter.¶
A group member can realize to have missed one or more rekeying instances in one of the ways discussed below. In the following, V denotes the version number of the old keying material stored by the group member, while V' denotes the version number of the latest, possibly just distributed, keying material.¶
a. The group member has participated to a rekeying process that has distributed new keying material with version number V' > (V + 1), as discussed in Section 11.2.¶
b. The group member has obtained the latest keying material from the Group Manager, as a response to a Key Distribution Request (see Section 9.1.1) or to a Join Request when re-joining the group (see Section 6.1). In particular, V is different than V' specified by the 'num' parameter in the response.¶
c. The group member has obtained the authentication credentials of other group members, through an Authentication Credential Request-Response exchange with the Group Manager (see Section 9.3). In particular, V is different than V' specified by the 'num' parameter in the response.¶
d. The group member has performed a Version Request-Response exchange with the Group Manager (see Section 9.8). In particular, V is different than V' specified by the 'num' parameter in the response.¶
In either case, the group member MUST delete the stored keying material with version number V.¶
If case (a) or case (b) applies, the group member MUST perform the following actions.¶
The group member sends a Stale Sender IDs Request to the Group Manager (see Section 11.3.1), specifying the version number V as payload of the request.¶
If the Stale Sender IDs Response from the Group Manager has no payload, the group member MUST remove all the authentication credentials from its list of group members' authentication credentials used in the group, and MUST delete all its Recipient Contexts used in the group.¶
Otherwise, the group member considers the stale Sender IDs specified in the Stale Sender IDs Response from the Group Manager. Then, the group member MUST remove every authentication credential associated with a stale Sender ID from its list of group members' authentication credentials used in the group, and MUST delete each of its Recipient Contexts used in the group whose corresponding Recipient ID is a stale Sender ID.¶
If case (c) or case (d) applies, the group member SHOULD perform the following actions.¶
The group member sends a Stale Sender IDs Request to the Group Manager (see Section 11.3.1), specifying the version number V as payload of the request.¶
If the Stale Sender IDs Response from the Group Manager has no payload, the group member MUST remove all the authentication credentials from its list of group members' authentication credentials used in the group, and MUST delete all its Recipient Contexts used in the group.¶
Otherwise, the group member considers the stale Sender IDs specified in the Stale Sender IDs Response from the Group Manager. Then, the group member MUST remove every authentication credential associated with a stale Sender ID from its list of group members' authentication credentials used in the group, and MUST delete each of its Recipient Contexts used in the group whose corresponding Recipient ID is a stale Sender ID.¶
If case (c) or case (d) applies, the group member can alternatively perform the following actions.¶
When receiving the Join Response (see Section 6.4 and Section 6.4), the group member retrieves the set Z of authentication credentials specified in the 'creds' parameter.¶
Then, the group member MUST remove every authentication credential which is not in Z from its list of group members' authentication credentials used in the group, and MUST delete each of its Recipient Contexts used in the group that does not include any of the authentication credentials in Z.¶
When realizing to have missed one or more group rekeying instances (see Section 11.3), a node needs to retrieve from the Group Manager the data required to delete some of its stored group members' authentication credentials and Recipient Contexts (see Section 8.3.1). These data are provided as an aggregated set of stale Sender IDs, which are used as specified in Section 11.3.¶
In particular, the node sends a CoAP FETCH request to the endpoint /ace-group/GROUPNAME/stale-sids at the Group Manager defined in Section 8.3 of this document, where GROUPNAME is the name of the OSCORE group.¶
The payload of the Stale Sender IDs Request MUST include a CBOR unsigned integer. This encodes the version number V of the most recent group keying material stored and installed by the requesting Client, which is older than the latest, possibly just distributed, keying material with version number V'.¶
The handler MUST reply with a 4.00 (Bad Request) error response, if the request is not formatted correctly. Also, the handler MUST respond with a 4.00 (Bad Request) error response, if the specified version number V is greater or equal than the version number V' associated with the latest keying material in the group, i.e., in case V >= V'.¶
Otherwise, the handler responds with a 2.05 (Content) Stale Sender IDs Response. The payload of the response is formatted as defined below, where SKEW = (V' - V + 1).¶
Otherwise, the payload of the Stale Sender IDs Response MUST include a CBOR array, where each element is encoded as a CBOR byte string. The CBOR array has to be intended as a set, i.e., the order of its elements is irrelevant. The Group Manager populates the CBOR array as follows.¶
Figure 9 gives an overview of the exchange described above, while Figure 10 shows an example.¶
Group
Node Manager
| |
| Stale Sender IDs Request |
|------------------------------------------------------------>|
| FETCH ace-group/GROUPNAME/stale-sids |
| |
|<---------- Stale Sender IDs Response: 2.05 (Content) -------|
| |
Request:
Header: FETCH (Code=0.05)
Uri-Host: "kdc.example.com"
Uri-Path: "ace-group"
Uri-Path: "g1"
Uri-Path: "stale-sids"
Payload (in CBOR diagnostic notation):
42
Response:
Header: Content (Code=2.05)
Payload (in CBOR diagnostic notation):
[h'01', h'fc', h'12ab', h'de44', h'ff']
In addition to those defined in Section 8 of [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm], this application profile defines additional parameters used during the second part of the message exchange with the Group Manager, i.e., after the exchange of Token Transfer Request and Response (see Section 5.3). The table below summarizes them and specifies the CBOR key to use instead of the full descriptive name.¶
Note that the media type application/ace-groupcomm+cbor MUST be used when these parameters are transported in the respective message fields.¶
+----------------+------+-------+------------+ | Name | CBOR | CBOR | Reference | | | Key | Type | | +----------------+------+-------+------------+ | group_senderId | TBD | bstr | [RFC-XXXX] | +----------------+------+-------+------------+ | ecdh_info | TBD | array | [RFC-XXXX] | +----------------+------+-------+------------+ | kdc_dh_creds | TBD | array | [RFC-XXXX] | +----------------+------+-------+------------+ | group_enc_key | TBD | bstr | [RFC-XXXX] | +----------------+------+-------+------------+ | stale_node_ids | TBD | array | [RFC-XXXX] | +----------------+------+-------+------------+
Note to RFC Editor: Please replace all occurrences of "[RFC-XXXX]" with the RFC number of this specification and delete this paragraph.¶
The Group Manager is expected to support and understand all the parameters above. Instead, a Client is required to support the new parameters defined in this application profile as specified below (REQ29).¶
When the conditional parameters defined in Section 8 of [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm] are used with this application profile, a Client must, should or may support them as specified below (REQ30).¶
In addition to those defined in Section 9 of [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm], this application profile defines new values that the Group Manager can include as error identifiers, in the 'error' field of an error response with Content-Format application/ace-groupcomm+cbor.¶
+-------+-------------------------------------------------+ | Value | Description | +-------+-------------------------------------------------+ | 7 | Signatures not used in the group | +-------+-------------------------------------------------+ | 8 | Operation permitted only to signature verifiers | +-------+-------------------------------------------------+ | 9 | Group currently not active | +-------+-------------------------------------------------+
A Client supporting the 'error' parameter (see Sections 4.1.2 and 8 of [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm]) and able to understand the specified error may use that information to determine what actions to take next. If it is included in the error response and supported by the Client, the 'error_description' parameter may provide additional context. In particular, the following guidelines apply.¶
This section defines the default values that the Group Manager assumes for the configuration parameters of an OSCORE group, unless differently specified when creating and configuring the group. This can be achieved as specified in [I-D.ietf-ace-oscore-gm-admin].¶
This section always applies, as related to common configuration parameters.¶
For the format 'cred_fmt' used for the authentication credentials in the group, the Group Manager SHOULD use CBOR Web Token (CWT) or CWT Claims Set (CCS) [RFC8392], i.e., the COSE Header Parameter 'kcwt' and 'kccs', respectively.¶
[ These COSE Header Parameters are under pending registration requested by draft-ietf-lake-edhoc. ]¶
This section applies if the group uses (also) the group mode of Group OSCORE.¶
The Group Manager SHOULD use the following default values for the Signature Algorithm 'sign_alg' and related parameters 'sign_params', consistently with the "COSE Algorithms" registry [COSE.Algorithms], the "COSE Key Types" registry [COSE.Key.Types] and the "COSE Elliptic Curves" registry [COSE.Elliptic.Curves].¶
For the parameters 'sign_params' of the Signature Algorithm:¶
This section applies if the group uses (also) the pairwise mode of Group OSCORE.¶
For the AEAD Algorithm 'alg' used to encrypt messages protected with the pairwise mode, the Group Manager SHOULD use the same default value defined in Section 3.2 of [RFC8613], i.e., AES-CCM-16-64-128 (COSE algorithm encoding: 10).¶
For the Pairwise Key Agreement Algorithm 'ecdh_alg' and related parameters 'ecdh_params', the Group Manager SHOULD use the following default values, consistently with the "COSE Algorithms" registry [COSE.Algorithms], the "COSE Key Types" registry [COSE.Key.Types] and the "COSE Elliptic Curves" registry [COSE.Elliptic.Curves].¶
For the parameters 'ecdh_params' of the Pairwise Key Agreement Algorithm:¶
Security considerations for this profile are inherited from [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm], the ACE framework for Authentication and Authorization [RFC9200], and the specific transport profile of ACE signalled by the AS, such as [RFC9202] and [RFC9203].¶
The following security considerations also apply for this profile.¶
This profile leverages the following management aspects related to OSCORE groups and discussed in the sections of [I-D.ietf-core-oscore-groupcomm] referred below.¶
Management of group keying material (see Section 3.2 of [I-D.ietf-core-oscore-groupcomm]). The Group Manager is responsible for the renewal and re-distribution of the keying material in the groups of its competence (rekeying).¶
The Group Manager performs a rekeying when one ore more members leave the group, thus preserving forward security and ensuring that the security properties of Group OSCORE are fulfilled. According to the specific application requirements, the Group Manager can also rekey the group upon a new node's joining, in case backward security has also to be preserved.¶
Before sending the Join Response, the Group Manager MUST verify that the joining node actually owns the associated private key. To this end, the Group Manager can rely on the proof-of-possession challenge-response defined in Section 6.¶
Alternatively, when establishing a secure communication association with the Group Manager, the joining node can provide the Group Manager with its own authentication credential, and use the public key included thereof as asymmetric proof-of-possession key. For example, this is the case when the joining node relies on Section 3.2.2 of [RFC9202] and authenticates itself during the DTLS handshake with the Group Manager. However, this requires the authentication credential to be in the format used in the OSCORE group, and that both the authentication credential of the joining node and the included public key are compatible with the signature or ECDH algorithm, and possible associated parameters used in the OSCORE group.¶
A node may have joined multiple OSCORE groups under different non-synchronized Group Managers. Therefore, it can happen that those OSCORE groups have the same Group Identifier (Gid). It follows that, upon receiving a Group OSCORE message addressed to one of those groups, the node would have multiple Security Contexts matching with the Gid in the incoming message. It is up to the application to decide how to handle such collisions of Group Identifiers, e.g., by trying to process the incoming message using one Security Context at the time until the right one is found.¶
With reference to the Join Request message in Section 6.1, the proof-of-possession (PoP) evidence included in 'client_cred_verify' is computed over an input including also N_C | N_S, where | denotes concatenation.¶
For the N_C challenge, it is RECOMMENDED to use a 8-byte long random nonce. Furthermore, N_C is always conveyed in the 'cnonce' parameter of the Join Request, which is always sent over the secure communication association between the joining node and the Group Manager.¶
As defined in Section 6.1.1, the way the N_S value is computed depends on the particular way the joining node provides the Group Manager with the Access Token, as well as on following interactions between the two.¶
If we consider both N_C and N_S to take 8-byte long values, the following considerations hold.¶
As long as the Group Manager preserves the same N_S value currently associated with an Access Token, i.e., the latest value provided to a Client in a 'kdcchallenge' parameter, the Client is able to successfully reuse the same proof-of-possession (PoP) input for multiple Join Requests to that Group Manager.¶
In particular, the Client can reuse the same N_C value for every Join Request to the Group Manager, and combine it with the same unchanged N_S value. This results in reusing the same PoP input for producing the PoP evidence to include in the 'client_cred_verify' parameter of the Join Requests.¶
Unless the Group Manager maintains a list of N_C values already used by that Client since the latest update to the N_S value associated with the Access Token, the Group Manager can be forced to falsely believe that the Client possesses its own private key at that point in time, upon verifying the PoP evidence in the 'client_cred_verify' parameter.¶
This document has the following actions for IANA.¶
Note to RFC Editor: Please replace all occurrences of "[RFC-XXXX]" with the RFC number of this specification and delete this paragraph.¶
IANA is asked to register the following entries to the "OAuth Parameters" registry, as per the procedure specified in Section 11.2 of [RFC6749].¶
IANA is asked to register the following entries to the "OAuth Parameters CBOR Mappings" registry, as per the procedure specified in Section 8.10 of [RFC9200].¶
IANA is asked to register the following entry to the "ACE Groupcomm Parameters" registry defined in Section 11.6 of [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm].¶
IANA is asked to register the following entry to the "ACE Groupcomm Key Types" registry defined in Section 11.7 of [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm].¶
IANA is asked to register the following entry to the "ACE Groupcomm Profiles" registry defined in Section 11.8 of [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm].¶
IANA is asked to register the following entries in the "OSCORE Security Context Parameters" registry defined in Section 9.4 of [RFC9203].¶
IANA is asked to register the following entry to the "TLS Exporter Labels" registry defined in Section 6 of [RFC5705] and updated in Section 12 of [RFC8447].¶
For the media-types application/aif+cbor and application/aif+json defined in Section 5.1 of [RFC9237], IANA is requested to register the following entries for the two media-type parameters Toid and Tperm, in the respective sub-registry defined in Section 5.2 of [RFC9237] within the "MIME Media Type Sub-Parameter" registry group.¶
IANA is asked to register the following entries to the "CoAP Content-Formats" registry within the "Constrained RESTful Environments (CoRE) Parameters" registry group.¶
This document establishes the IANA "Group OSCORE Roles" registry. The registry has been created to use the "Expert Review" registration procedure [RFC8126]. Expert review guidelines are provided in Section 16.13.¶
This registry includes the possible roles that nodes can take in an OSCORE group, each in combination with a numeric identifier. These numeric identifiers are used to express authorization information about joining OSCORE groups, as specified in Section 3 of [RFC-XXXX].¶
The columns of this registry are:¶
This registry will be initially populated by the values in Figure 1.¶
The Reference column for all of these entries will be [RFC-XXXX].¶
IANA is asked to register the following entry in the "Resource Type (rt=) Link Target Attribute Values" registry within the "Constrained Restful Environments (CoRE) Parameters" registry group.¶
Client applications can use this resource type to discover a group membership resource at an OSCORE Group Manager, where to send a request for joining the corresponding OSCORE group.¶
IANA is asked to register the following entry in the "ACE Groupcomm Errors" registry defined in Section 11.11 of [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm].¶
The IANA registry established in this document is defined as "Expert Review". This section gives some general guidelines for what the experts should be looking for, but they are being designated as experts for a reason so they should be given substantial latitude.¶
Expert reviewers should take into consideration the following points:¶
Clarity and correctness of registrations. Experts are expected to check the clarity of purpose and use of the requested entries. Experts should inspect the entry for the considered role, to verify the correctness of its description against the role as intended in the specification that defined it. Experts should consider requesting an opinion on the correctness of registered parameters from the Authentication and Authorization for Constrained Environments (ACE) Working Group and the Constrained RESTful Environments (CoRE) Working Group.¶
Entries that do not meet these objective of clarity and completeness should not be registered.¶
This section lists how this application profile of ACE addresses the requirements defined in Appendix A of [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm].¶
OPT2 (Optional) - Specify additional parameters used in the exchange of Token Transfer Request and Response:¶
As defined in Section 8.1 of [RFC9053], future algorithms can be registered in the "COSE Algorithms" registry [COSE.Algorithms] as specifying none or multiple COSE capabilities.¶
To enable the seamless use of such future registered algorithms, this section defines a general, agile format for:¶
Appendix B of [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm] describes the analogous general format for 'sign_info_entry' of the 'sign_info' parameter in the Token Transfer Response (see Section 5.3 of this document).¶
If any of the currently registered COSE algorithms is considered, using this general format yields the same structure defined in this document for the items above, thus ensuring retro-compatibility.¶
The format of each 'ecdh_info_entry' (see Section 5.3 and Section 5.3.1) is generalized as follows. Given N the number of elements of the 'ecdh_parameters' array, i.e., the number of COSE capabilities of the ECDH algorithm, then:¶
ecdh_info_entry =
[
id : gname / [ + gname ],
ecdh_alg : int / tstr,
ecdh_parameters : [ alg_capab_1 : any,
alg_capab_2 : any,
...,
alg_capab_N : any],
ecdh_capab_1 : [ any ],
ecdh_capab_2 : [ any ],
...,
ecdh_capab_N : [ any ],
cred_fmt = int / null
]
gname = tstr
The format of 'key' (see Section 6.3) is generalized as follows.¶
The 'sign_params' array includes N+1 elements, whose exact structure and value depend on the value of the signature algorithm specified in 'sign_alg'.¶
For example, if 'sign_params'[0][0] specifies the key type as capability of the algorithm, then 'sign_params'[1] is the array of COSE capabilities for the COSE key type associated with the signature algorithm, as specified for that key type in the "Capabilities" column of the "COSE Key Types" registry [COSE.Key.Types] (see Section 8.2 of [RFC9053]).¶
The 'ecdh_params' array includes M+1 elements, whose exact structure and value depend on the value of the ECDH algorithm specified in 'ecdh_alg'.¶
For example, if 'ecdh_params'[0][0] specifies the key type as capability of the algorithm, then 'ecdh_params'[1] is the array of COSE capabilities for the COSE key type associated with the ECDH algorithm, as specified for that key type in the "Capabilities" column of the "COSE Key Types" registry [COSE.Key.Types] (see Section 8.2 of [RFC9053]).¶
RFC EDITOR: PLEASE REMOVE THIS SECTION.¶
The authors sincerely thank Christian Amsüss, Santiago Aragón, Stefan Beck, Carsten Bormann, Martin Gunnarsson, Rikard Höglund, Watson Ladd, Daniel Migault, Jim Schaad, Ludwig Seitz, Göran Selander and Peter van der Stok for their comments and feedback.¶
The work on this document has been partly supported by VINNOVA and the Celtic-Next project CRITISEC; by the H2020 project SIFIS-Home (Grant agreement 952652); and by the EIT-Digital High Impact Initiative ACTIVE.¶