/* membuffer.h --

   This file is part of the UPX executable compressor.

   Copyright (C) Markus Franz Xaver Johannes Oberhumer
   Copyright (C) Laszlo Molnar
   All Rights Reserved.

   UPX and the UCL library are free software; you can redistribute them
   and/or modify them under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
   published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of
   the License, or (at your option) any later version.

   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
   GNU General Public License for more details.

   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
   along with this program; see the file COPYING.
   If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
   59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.

   Markus F.X.J. Oberhumer              Laszlo Molnar
   <markus@oberhumer.com>               <ezerotven+github@gmail.com>
 */

#pragma once

// A MemBuffer allocates memory on the heap, and automatically
// gets destructed when leaving scope or on exceptions.

/*************************************************************************
// MemBufferBase
// provides some base functionality for treating a MemBuffer as a pointer
**************************************************************************/

template <class T>
class MemBufferBase /*not_final*/ {
public:
    typedef T element_type;
    typedef typename std::add_lvalue_reference<T>::type reference;
    typedef typename std::add_pointer<T>::type pointer;
    typedef pointer iterator;
    typedef typename std::add_pointer<const T>::type const_iterator;
    typedef size_t size_type; // limited by UPX_RSIZE_MAX
    static const size_t element_size = sizeof(element_type);

protected:
    pointer ptr;
    size_type size_in_bytes;

public:
    explicit forceinline MemBufferBase() noexcept : ptr(nullptr), size_in_bytes(0) {}
    forceinline ~MemBufferBase() noexcept {}

    // IMPORTANT NOTE: automatic conversion to underlying pointer
    // HINT: for fully bound-checked pointer use XSPAN_S from xspan.h
    operator pointer() const noexcept { return ptr; }

    // array access
    reference operator[](ptrdiff_t i) const may_throw {
        // NOTE: &array[SIZE] is *not* legal for containers like std::vector and MemBuffer !
        if very_unlikely (i < 0 || mem_size(element_size, i) >= size_in_bytes)
            throwCantPack("MemBuffer invalid array index %td (%zu bytes)", i, size_in_bytes);
        return ptr[i];
    }
    // dereference
    reference operator*() const DELETED_FUNCTION;
    // arrow operator
    pointer operator->() const DELETED_FUNCTION;

    iterator begin() const may_throw {
        if very_unlikely (ptr == nullptr)
            throwCantPack("MemBuffer begin() unexpected NULL ptr");
        return ptr;
    }
    const_iterator cbegin() const may_throw {
        if very_unlikely (ptr == nullptr)
            throwCantPack("MemBuffer cbegin() unexpected NULL ptr");
        return ptr;
    }
    iterator end() const may_throw {
        if very_unlikely (ptr == nullptr)
            throwCantPack("MemBuffer end() unexpected NULL ptr");
        return ptr + size_in_bytes / element_size;
    }
    const_iterator cend() const may_throw {
        if very_unlikely (ptr == nullptr)
            throwCantPack("MemBuffer cend() unexpected NULL ptr");
        return ptr + size_in_bytes / element_size;
    }

    // membuffer + n -> pointer
    template <class U>
    typename std::enable_if<std::is_integral<U>::value, pointer>::type operator+(U n) const
        may_throw {
        const upx_rsize_t bytes = mem_size(element_size, n); // check mem_size
        return raw_bytes(bytes) + n;                         // and check bytes
    }
private:
    // membuffer - n -> pointer; not allowed - use raw_bytes() if needed
    template <class U>
    typename std::enable_if<std::is_integral<U>::value, pointer>::type operator-(U n) const
        DELETED_FUNCTION;

public: // raw access
    pointer raw_ptr() const noexcept { return ptr; }
    size_type raw_size_in_bytes() const noexcept { return size_in_bytes; }

    pointer raw_bytes(size_t bytes) const may_throw {
        if (bytes > 0) {
            if very_unlikely (ptr == nullptr)
                throwCantPack("MemBuffer raw_bytes unexpected NULL ptr");
            if very_unlikely (bytes > size_in_bytes)
                throwCantPack("MemBuffer raw_bytes invalid size");
        }
        return ptr;
    }

private:
    // disable taking the address => force passing by reference
    // [I'm not too sure about this design decision, but we can always allow it if needed]
    UPX_CXX_DISABLE_ADDRESS(MemBufferBase)
};

/*************************************************************************
// MemBufferBase global overloads
**************************************************************************/

// global operators
#if ALLOW_INT_PLUS_MEMBUFFER
// rewrite "n + membuffer" to "membuffer + n" (member function) so that this will get checked above
template <class T, class U>
inline typename std::enable_if<std::is_integral<U>::value, typename MemBufferBase<T>::pointer>::type
operator+(U n, const MemBufferBase<T> &mbb) {
    return mbb + n;
}
#else
// not allowed
template <class T, class U>
inline typename std::enable_if<std::is_integral<U>::value, typename MemBufferBase<T>::pointer>::type
operator+(U n, const MemBufferBase<T> &mbb) DELETED_FUNCTION;
#endif

// raw_bytes overload
template <class T>
inline typename MemBufferBase<T>::pointer raw_bytes(const MemBufferBase<T> &mbb,
                                                    size_t size_in_bytes) {
    return mbb.raw_bytes(size_in_bytes);
}
template <class T>
inline typename MemBufferBase<T>::pointer raw_index_bytes(const MemBufferBase<T> &mbb, size_t index,
                                                          size_t size_in_bytes) {
    typedef typename MemBufferBase<T>::element_type element_type;
    if very_unlikely (mbb.raw_ptr() == nullptr)
        throwCantPack("raw_index_bytes unexpected NULL ptr");
    return mbb.raw_bytes(mem_size(sizeof(element_type), index, size_in_bytes)) + index;
}

// some more global overloads using a checked raw_bytes() call
#if __cplusplus >= 201703L
#define XSPAN_REQUIRES_CONVERTIBLE_ANY_DIRECTION(A, B, RType)                                      \
    std::enable_if_t<std::is_convertible_v<A *, B *> || std::is_convertible_v<B *, A *>, RType>
#elif __cplusplus >= 201103L
#define XSPAN_REQUIRES_CONVERTIBLE_ANY_DIRECTION(A, B, RType)                                      \
    typename std::enable_if<                                                                       \
        std::is_convertible<A *, B *>::value || std::is_convertible<B *, A *>::value, RType>::type
#else
#define XSPAN_REQUIRES_CONVERTIBLE_ANY_DIRECTION(A, B, RType)                                      \
    typename std::enable_if<std::is_same<A, B>::value, RType>::type
#endif
#define XSPAN_FWD_C_IS_MEMBUFFER 1
#define C                        MemBufferBase
#if WITH_XSPAN >= 1
#define D XSPAN_NS(Ptr)
#endif
#include "xspan_fwd.h"
#undef XSPAN_FWD_C_IS_MEMBUFFER
#undef C
#undef D
#undef XSPAN_REQUIRES_CONVERTIBLE_ANY_DIRECTION

/*************************************************************************
// MemBuffer
**************************************************************************/

class MemBuffer final : public MemBufferBase<byte> {
public:
    explicit forceinline MemBuffer() noexcept : MemBufferBase<byte>() {}
    explicit MemBuffer(upx_uint64_t bytes) may_throw;
    ~MemBuffer() noexcept;

    static unsigned getSizeForCompression(unsigned uncompressed_size, unsigned extra = 0) may_throw;
    static unsigned getSizeForDecompression(unsigned uncompressed_size, unsigned extra = 0)
        may_throw;

    noinline void alloc(upx_uint64_t bytes) may_throw;
    void allocForCompression(unsigned uncompressed_size, unsigned extra = 0) may_throw;
    void allocForDecompression(unsigned uncompressed_size, unsigned extra = 0) may_throw;

    noinline void checkState() const may_throw;
    noinline void dealloc() noexcept;

    // explicit conversion
    void *getVoidPtr() noexcept { return (void *) ptr; }
    const void *getVoidPtr() const noexcept { return (const void *) ptr; }
    unsigned getSizeInBytes() const noexcept { return size_in_bytes; }
    unsigned getSize() const noexcept { return size_in_bytes / element_size; }

    // util
    noinline void fill(size_t off, size_t bytes, int value) may_throw;
    forceinline void clear(size_t off, size_t bytes) may_throw { fill(off, bytes, 0); }
    forceinline void clear() may_throw { fill(0, size_in_bytes, 0); }

    // If the entire range [skip, skip+take) is inside the buffer,
    // then return &ptr[skip]; else throwCantPack(sprintf(errfmt, skip, take)).
    // This is similar to BoundedPtr, except only checks once.
    // skip == offset, take == size_in_bytes
    forceinline pointer subref(const char *errfmt, size_t skip, size_t take) may_throw {
        return (pointer) subref_impl(errfmt, skip, take);
    }
    template <class U>
    forceinline U subref_u(const char *errfmt, size_t skip) may_throw {
        COMPILE_TIME_ASSERT(std::is_pointer<U>::value)
        return (U) subref_impl(errfmt, skip, sizeof(typename std::remove_pointer<U>::type));
    }
    template <class U>
    forceinline U subref_u(const char *errfmt, size_t skip, size_t take) may_throw {
        COMPILE_TIME_ASSERT(std::is_pointer<U>::value)
        return (U) subref_impl(errfmt, skip, take);
    }

private:
    noinline void *subref_impl(const char *errfmt, size_t skip, size_t take) may_throw;

    // static debug stats
    struct Stats {
        upx_std_atomic(upx_uint32_t) global_alloc_counter;
        upx_std_atomic(upx_uint32_t) global_dealloc_counter;
#if WITH_THREADS
        // avoid link errors on some 32-bit platforms: undefined reference to __atomic_fetch_add_8
        upx_std_atomic(size_t) global_total_bytes; // stats may overflow on 32-bit systems
        upx_std_atomic(size_t) global_total_active_bytes;
#else
        upx_std_atomic(upx_uint64_t) global_total_bytes;
        upx_std_atomic(upx_uint64_t) global_total_active_bytes;
#endif
    };
    static Stats stats;

#if DEBUG
    // debugging aid
    struct Debug {
        void *last_return_address_alloc;
        void *last_return_address_dealloc;
        void *last_return_address_fill;
        void *last_return_address_subref;
        Debug() noexcept { mem_clear(this); }
    };
    Debug debug;
#endif

    UPX_CXX_DISABLE_COPY_MOVE(MemBuffer)             // disable copy and move
    UPX_CXX_DISABLE_NEW_DELETE_NO_VIRTUAL(MemBuffer) // disable dynamic allocation
};

/* vim:set ts=4 sw=4 et: */
