rfc9592v2.txt   rfc9592.txt 
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) N. ten Oever Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) N. ten Oever
Request for Comments: 9592 University of Amsterdam Request for Comments: 9592 University of Amsterdam
Obsoletes: 6722 G. Wood Obsoletes: 6722 G. Wood
Category: Informational IETF Administration LLC Category: Informational IETF Administration LLC
ISSN: 2070-1721 May 2024 ISSN: 2070-1721 June 2024
Retiring the Tao of the IETF Retiring the Tao of the IETF
Abstract Abstract
This document retires and obsoletes the Tao of the IETF as an IETF- This document retires and obsoletes the Tao of the IETF as an IETF-
maintained document. This document also obsoletes RFC 6722, which maintained document. This document also obsoletes RFC 6722, which
describes the publication process of the Tao. Furthermore, this describes the publication process of the Tao. Furthermore, this
document describes the rationale for the retirement of the Tao. For document describes the rationale for the retirement of the Tao. For
archival purposes, the last version of the Tao is included in the archival purposes, the last version of the Tao is included in the
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2.2. Unwieldy Format 2.2. Unwieldy Format
2.3. Changing Participation Modes 2.3. Changing Participation Modes
3. Going Forward 3. Going Forward
3.1. New Communications Opportunities 3.1. New Communications Opportunities
4. Conclusion 4. Conclusion
5. Security Considerations 5. Security Considerations
6. IANA Considerations 6. IANA Considerations
7. Informative References 7. Informative References
Appendix A. Last Edition of the Tao Appendix A. Last Edition of the Tao
Abstract Abstract
1 Introduction 1. Introduction
1.1 Acronyms and Abbreviations Used in the Tao 1.1. Acronyms and Abbreviations Used in the Tao
2 What is the IETF? 2. What is the IETF?
2.1 Humble Beginnings 2.1. Humble Beginnings
2.2 The Hierarchy 2.2. The Hierarchy
2.3 IETF Mailing Lists 2.3. IETF Mailing Lists
3 IETF Meetings 3. IETF Meetings
3.1 Registration 3.1. Registration
3.2 Take the Plunge and Stay All Week! 3.2. Take the Plunge and Stay All Week!
3.3 Newcomer Training 3.3. Newcomer Training
3.4 Dress Code 3.4. Dress Code
3.5 Working Group Meetings 3.5. Working Group Meetings
3.6 Seeing Spots Before Your Eyes 3.6. Seeing Spots Before Your Eyes
3.7 Terminal Room 3.7. Terminal Room
3.8 Meals and Snacks 3.8. Meals and Snacks
3.9 Social Event 3.9. Social Event
3.10 Agenda 3.10. Agenda
3.11 EMODIR to the Rescue 3.11. EMODIR to the Rescue
3.12 Where Do I Fit In? 3.12. Where Do I Fit In?
3.13 Proceedings 3.13. Proceedings
3.14 Other General Things 3.14. Other General Things
3.15 Remote Participation 3.15. Remote Participation
4 Working Groups 4. Working Groups
4.1 Working Group Chairs 4.1. Working Group Chairs
4.2 Getting Things Done in a Working Group 4.2. Getting Things Done in a Working Group
4.3 Working Group Documents 4.3. Working Group Documents
4.4 Preparing for Working Group Meetings 4.4. Preparing for Working Group Meetings
4.5 Working Group Mailing Lists 4.5. Working Group Mailing Lists
4.6 Interim Working Group Meetings 4.6. Interim Working Group Meetings
5 BOFs and Dispatching 5. BOFs and Dispatching
6 RFCs and Internet-Drafts 6. RFCs and Internet-Drafts
6.1 The Overall Process 6.1. The Overall Process
6.2 Common Issues 6.2. Common Issues
6.3 Writing an Internet-Draft 6.3. Writing an Internet-Draft
6.4 Standards-Track RFCs 6.4. Standards-Track RFCs
6.5 RFCs Other than Standards-Track 6.5. RFCs Other than Standards-Track
7 How to Contribute to the IETF 7. How to Contribute to the IETF
7.1 What You Can Do 7.1. What You Can Do
7.2 What Your Company Can Do 7.2. What Your Company Can Do
8 IETF and the Outside World 8. IETF and the Outside World
8.1 IETF and Other SDOs 8.1. IETF and Other SDOs
8.2 Press Coverage of the IETF 8.2. Press Coverage of the IETF
Acknowledgements Acknowledgements
Authors' Addresses Authors' Addresses
1. Introduction 1. Introduction
Since its publication as [RFC1391] in 1993, The "Tao of the IETF" Since its publication as [RFC1391] in 1993, The "Tao of the IETF"
("Tao") has described the inner workings of IETF meetings and Working ("Tao") has described the inner workings of IETF meetings and Working
Groups, discussed organizations related to the IETF, and introduced Groups, discussed organizations related to the IETF, and introduced
the working processes to new participants. The Tao never was a the working processes to new participants. The Tao never was a
formal IETF process document, but rather a community-developed and formal IETF process document, but rather a community-developed and
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Abstract Abstract
This document introduces you to the "ways of the IETF": it will This document introduces you to the "ways of the IETF": it will
convey the might and magic of networking people and packets in the convey the might and magic of networking people and packets in the
Internet's most prominent standards body. In this document we Internet's most prominent standards body. In this document we
describe the inner workings of IETF meetings and Working Groups, describe the inner workings of IETF meetings and Working Groups,
discuss organizations related to the IETF, and introduce the discuss organizations related to the IETF, and introduce the
standards process. This is not a formal IETF process document but an standards process. This is not a formal IETF process document but an
informal and informational overview. informal and informational overview.
1 Introduction 1. Introduction
The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) is the largest standard The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) is the largest standard
development organization (SDO) for the Internet. Since its early development organization (SDO) for the Internet. Since its early
years, participation in the IETF has grown phenomenally. In-person years, participation in the IETF has grown phenomenally. In-person
attendance at face-to-face meetings now averages between 1000 and attendance at face-to-face meetings now averages between 1000 and
1500 participants (https://datatracker.ietf.org/stats/meeting/ 1500 participants (https://datatracker.ietf.org/stats/meeting/
overview/). At any given meeting, around 200 attendees are overview/). At any given meeting, around 200 attendees are
_newcomers_ (defined by the IETF as someone who has attended five or _newcomers_ (defined by the IETF as someone who has attended five or
fewer meetings), and many of those go on to become regular fewer meetings), and many of those go on to become regular
participants. When the IETF was smaller, it was relatively easy for participants. When the IETF was smaller, it was relatively easy for
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Many types of IETF documentation are mentioned here. The IETF Many types of IETF documentation are mentioned here. The IETF
publishes its technical documentation as RFCs, still known by their publishes its technical documentation as RFCs, still known by their
historical term _Requests for Comments_. (Sometimes people joke that historical term _Requests for Comments_. (Sometimes people joke that
it stands for _Request for Compliance_.) STDs are RFCs identified as it stands for _Request for Compliance_.) STDs are RFCs identified as
"standards", and BCPs are RFCs that represent thoughts on Best "standards", and BCPs are RFCs that represent thoughts on Best
Current Practices in the Internet. Both STDs and BCPs are also RFCs. Current Practices in the Internet. Both STDs and BCPs are also RFCs.
For example, BCP 9 (https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/bcp9) points to a For example, BCP 9 (https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/bcp9) points to a
collection of RFCs that describe the IETF's standardization collection of RFCs that describe the IETF's standardization
processes. See RFCs and Internet-Drafts for more details. processes. See RFCs and Internet-Drafts for more details.
1.1 Acronyms and Abbreviations Used in the Tao 1.1. Acronyms and Abbreviations Used in the Tao
Some of the acronyms and abbreviations from this document are listed Some of the acronyms and abbreviations from this document are listed
below. below.
+=======+=====================================================+ +=======+=====================================================+
| Term | Meaning | | Term | Meaning |
+=======+=====================================================+ +=======+=====================================================+
| AD | Area Director | | AD | Area Director |
+-------+-----------------------------------------------------+ +-------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| BCP | Best Current Practice (a type of RFC) | | BCP | Best Current Practice (a type of RFC) |
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+-------+-----------------------------------------------------+ +-------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| RFC | Request for Comments | | RFC | Request for Comments |
+-------+-----------------------------------------------------+ +-------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| STD | Standard (a type of RFC) | | STD | Standard (a type of RFC) |
+-------+-----------------------------------------------------+ +-------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| WG | Working Group | | WG | Working Group |
+-------+-----------------------------------------------------+ +-------+-----------------------------------------------------+
Table 1 Table 1
2 What is the IETF? 2. What is the IETF?
The IETF has no members and no dues; it is a loosely self-organized The IETF has no members and no dues; it is a loosely self-organized
group of people who contribute to the engineering and evolution of group of people who contribute to the engineering and evolution of
Internet technologies. It is the principal body engaged in the Internet technologies. It is the principal body engaged in the
development of new Internet standard specifications. The IETF is development of new Internet standard specifications. The IETF is
unusual in that it exists as a collection of meetings (both in-person unusual in that it exists as a collection of meetings (both in-person
and virtual) and online activities (such as email and pull request and virtual) and online activities (such as email and pull request
discussions), in which individuals voluntarily participate. discussions), in which individuals voluntarily participate.
The IETF welcomes all interested individuals: IETF participants come The IETF welcomes all interested individuals: IETF participants come
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One more thing that is important for newcomers: the IETF in no way One more thing that is important for newcomers: the IETF in no way
"runs the Internet," despite what some people mistakenly might say. "runs the Internet," despite what some people mistakenly might say.
The IETF makes voluntary standards that are often adopted by Internet The IETF makes voluntary standards that are often adopted by Internet
users, network operators, and equipment vendors, and it thus helps users, network operators, and equipment vendors, and it thus helps
shape the trajectory of the development of the Internet. But in no shape the trajectory of the development of the Internet. But in no
way does the IETF control, or even patrol, the Internet. If your way does the IETF control, or even patrol, the Internet. If your
interest in the IETF is because you want to be part of the overseers, interest in the IETF is because you want to be part of the overseers,
you may be badly disappointed by the IETF. A saying you will you may be badly disappointed by the IETF. A saying you will
sometimes hear is, "we are not the protocol police." sometimes hear is, "we are not the protocol police."
2.1 Humble Beginnings 2.1. Humble Beginnings
The first IETF meeting was held in January 1986 at Linkabit in San The first IETF meeting was held in January 1986 at Linkabit in San
Diego, with 21 attendees. The 4th IETF, held at SRI in Menlo Park in Diego, with 21 attendees. The 4th IETF, held at SRI in Menlo Park in
October 1986, was the first that equipment vendors attended. The October 1986, was the first that equipment vendors attended. The
concept of Working Groups was introduced at the 5th IETF meeting at concept of Working Groups was introduced at the 5th IETF meeting at
the NASA Ames Research Center in California in February 1987. The the NASA Ames Research Center in California in February 1987. The
7th IETF, held at MITRE in McLean, Virginia, in July 1987, was the 7th IETF, held at MITRE in McLean, Virginia, in July 1987, was the
first meeting with more than 100 attendees. first meeting with more than 100 attendees.
After the Internet Society (https://www.internetsociety.org) (ISOC) After the Internet Society (https://www.internetsociety.org) (ISOC)
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policy can be found in RFC 8718: IETF Plenary Meeting Venue Selection policy can be found in RFC 8718: IETF Plenary Meeting Venue Selection
Process (https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8718) and RFC 8719: High- Process (https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8718) and RFC 8719: High-
Level Guidance for the Meeting Policy of the IETF (https://www.rfc- Level Guidance for the Meeting Policy of the IETF (https://www.rfc-
editor.org/info/rfc8719). editor.org/info/rfc8719).
Remote participation in IETF meetings has been growing significantly Remote participation in IETF meetings has been growing significantly
in the past few years, thanks in part to the ongoing effort to in the past few years, thanks in part to the ongoing effort to
improve the tools and processes used to facilitate this mode of improve the tools and processes used to facilitate this mode of
participation. participation.
2.2 The Hierarchy 2.2. The Hierarchy
2.2.1 The Internet Society (ISOC) and the IETF Administration LLC (IETF 2.2.1. The Internet Society (ISOC) and the IETF Administration LLC
LLC) (IETF LLC)
The Internet Society (ISOC) is an international, non-profit, The Internet Society (ISOC) is an international, non-profit,
membership organization that supports and promotes the development of membership organization that supports and promotes the development of
the Internet as a global technical infrastructure. The mission of the Internet as a global technical infrastructure. The mission of
ISOC is "to promote the open development, evolution, and use of the ISOC is "to promote the open development, evolution, and use of the
Internet for the benefit of all people throughout the world." One of Internet for the benefit of all people throughout the world." One of
the ways that ISOC does this is through financial support of the the ways that ISOC does this is through financial support of the
IETF. IETF.
The IETF Administration LLC (https://www.ietf.org/about/ The IETF Administration LLC (https://www.ietf.org/about/
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* Raising money on behalf of the IETF. * Raising money on behalf of the IETF.
* Establishing and enforcing policies to ensure compliance with * Establishing and enforcing policies to ensure compliance with
applicable laws, regulations, and rules. applicable laws, regulations, and rules.
The IETF and ISOC continue to be strongly aligned on key principles. The IETF and ISOC continue to be strongly aligned on key principles.
ISOC initiatives related to the IETF continue to support ISOC initiatives related to the IETF continue to support
participation in, and deployment of, the standards created by the participation in, and deployment of, the standards created by the
IETF. IETF.
2.2.2 Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG) 2.2.2. Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG)
The IESG is responsible for technical management of IETF activities The IESG is responsible for technical management of IETF activities
and the Internet standards process. However, the IESG doesn't and the Internet standards process. However, the IESG doesn't
exercise much direct leadership, such as the kind you will find in exercise much direct leadership, such as the kind you will find in
many other standards organizations. As its name suggests, its role many other standards organizations. As its name suggests, its role
is to set directions rather than to give orders. The IESG gets WGs is to set directions rather than to give orders. The IESG gets WGs
started and finished, ratifies or steers the output from the IETF's started and finished, ratifies or steers the output from the IETF's
Working Groups (WGs), and makes sure that non-WG I-Ds that are about Working Groups (WGs), and makes sure that non-WG I-Ds that are about
to become RFCs are correct. to become RFCs are correct.
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the WGs to help prevent IETF protocols that are at odds with each the WGs to help prevent IETF protocols that are at odds with each
other. This is why ADs are supposed to review the I-Ds coming out of other. This is why ADs are supposed to review the I-Ds coming out of
Areas other than their own, and each Area has a _directorate_, a set Areas other than their own, and each Area has a _directorate_, a set
of experienced volunteers who review I-Ds with a focus on potential of experienced volunteers who review I-Ds with a focus on potential
issues for their area. issues for their area.
The quality of the IETF standards comes both from the review they get The quality of the IETF standards comes both from the review they get
in the Working Groups and the scrutiny that the WG review gets from in the Working Groups and the scrutiny that the WG review gets from
the ADs. the ADs.
2.2.3 Internet Architecture Board (IAB) 2.2.3. Internet Architecture Board (IAB)
The IAB (https://www.iab.org) is responsible for keeping an eye on The IAB (https://www.iab.org) is responsible for keeping an eye on
the "big picture" of the Internet, and it focuses on long-range the "big picture" of the Internet, and it focuses on long-range
planning and coordination among the various areas of IETF activity. planning and coordination among the various areas of IETF activity.
The IAB stays informed about important long-term issues in the The IAB stays informed about important long-term issues in the
Internet, and it brings these topics to the attention of people it Internet, and it brings these topics to the attention of people it
thinks should know about them. thinks should know about them.
IAB members pay special attention to emerging activities in the IETF. IAB members pay special attention to emerging activities in the IETF.
When a new IETF Working Group is proposed, the IAB reviews its When a new IETF Working Group is proposed, the IAB reviews its
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* Oversees the RFC series policy and procedures * Oversees the RFC series policy and procedures
* Acts as an advisory body to ISOC * Acts as an advisory body to ISOC
* Oversees IETF liaisons with other standards bodies * Oversees IETF liaisons with other standards bodies
Like the IESG, the IAB members are selected for two-year positions by Like the IESG, the IAB members are selected for two-year positions by
the NomCom and are approved by the ISOC Board of Trustees. the NomCom and are approved by the ISOC Board of Trustees.
2.2.4 Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) 2.2.4. Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA)
The core registrar for the IETF's activities is the IANA The core registrar for the IETF's activities is the IANA
(https://www.iana.org). Many Internet protocols require that someone (https://www.iana.org). Many Internet protocols require that someone
keep track of protocol items that were added after the protocol came keep track of protocol items that were added after the protocol came
out. Typical examples of the kinds of registries needed are for TCP out. Typical examples of the kinds of registries needed are for TCP
port numbers and MIME types. IANA's work on behalf of the IETF is port numbers and MIME types. IANA's work on behalf of the IETF is
overseen by the IAB. There is a joint group overseen by the IAB. There is a joint group
(https://datatracker.ietf.org/group/ietfiana/about/) that advises (https://datatracker.ietf.org/group/ietfiana/about/) that advises
IANA. IANA is funded by ICANN (https://www.icann.org). IANA. IANA is funded by ICANN (https://www.icann.org).
Even though being a registry may not sound interesting, many IETF Even though being a registry may not sound interesting, many IETF
participants will testify to how important IANA has been for the participants will testify to how important IANA has been for the
Internet. Having a stable, long-term repository run by careful and Internet. Having a stable, long-term repository run by careful and
conservative operators makes it much easier for people to experiment conservative operators makes it much easier for people to experiment
without worrying about messing things up. without worrying about messing things up.
2.2.5 RFC Editor and RFC Production Center (RPC) 2.2.5. RFC Editor and RFC Production Center (RPC)
The RPC edits, formats, and publishes RFC's. This used to be done by The RPC edits, formats, and publishes RFC's. This used to be done by
one person, which is why you will still see the term _RFC Editor_; one person, which is why you will still see the term _RFC Editor_;
IETFers are fond of their history. Also, if you are a document IETFers are fond of their history. Also, if you are a document
author, you will most commonly come in contact with people author, you will most commonly come in contact with people
responsible for editing your draft. Another important role is to responsible for editing your draft. Another important role is to
provide one definitive repository (https://www.rfc-editor.org) for provide one definitive repository (https://www.rfc-editor.org) for
all RFCs. all RFCs.
A common misconception is that all RFCs are the work of the IETF. In A common misconception is that all RFCs are the work of the IETF. In
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At the time of this writing, the model for the RFC Editor and the RPC At the time of this writing, the model for the RFC Editor and the RPC
is being revised under an IAB Program is being revised under an IAB Program
(https://datatracker.ietf.org/group/rfcefdp/about/). In this (https://datatracker.ietf.org/group/rfcefdp/about/). In this
revision, there is a position hired by the IETF LLC known as the RFC revision, there is a position hired by the IETF LLC known as the RFC
Series Editor, who is advised by a couple of groups. As a newcomer, Series Editor, who is advised by a couple of groups. As a newcomer,
and potential author, the details shouldn't matter much to you right and potential author, the details shouldn't matter much to you right
now. now.
The RPC is contracted by the IETF LLC. The RPC is contracted by the IETF LLC.
2.2.6 IETF Secretariat 2.2.6. IETF Secretariat
There are a few people who are paid to support the IETF. The IETF There are a few people who are paid to support the IETF. The IETF
Secretariat provides day-to-day logistical support, which mainly Secretariat provides day-to-day logistical support, which mainly
means coordinating face-to-face meetings and running the IETF means coordinating face-to-face meetings and running the IETF
presence on the web, including the IETF web site presence on the web, including the IETF web site
(https://www.ietf.org), mailing lists, the repository for Internet- (https://www.ietf.org), mailing lists, the repository for Internet-
Drafts, and so on. The Secretariat also provides administrative Drafts, and so on. The Secretariat also provides administrative
assistance to the IESG and others. assistance to the IESG and others.
The Secretariat is contracted by the IETF LLC. The Secretariat is contracted by the IETF LLC.
2.2.7 IETF Trust 2.2.7. IETF Trust
The IETF Trust (https://trustee.ietf.org) was set up to hold and The IETF Trust (https://trustee.ietf.org) was set up to hold and
license the intellectual property of the IETF, such as trademarks license the intellectual property of the IETF, such as trademarks
(the IETF logo, etc.) and copyrights. The trust is a stable, (the IETF logo, etc.) and copyrights. The trust is a stable,
legally-identifiable entity. Most participants never interact with legally-identifiable entity. Most participants never interact with
the IETF Trust, beyond seeing it mentioned in RFC boilerplate. This the IETF Trust, beyond seeing it mentioned in RFC boilerplate. This
is a good sign, and indicates that they are quietly doing their job. is a good sign, and indicates that they are quietly doing their job.
2.3 IETF Mailing Lists 2.3. IETF Mailing Lists
The IETF does most of its communication, and all of its official The IETF does most of its communication, and all of its official
work, via email. work, via email.
Anyone who plans to participate in the IETF should join the IETF Anyone who plans to participate in the IETF should join the IETF
announcement mailing list (https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ announcement mailing list (https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/
ietf-announce). This is where all of the meeting information, RFC ietf-announce). This is where all of the meeting information, RFC
announcements, and IESG Protocol Actions and Last Calls are posted. announcements, and IESG Protocol Actions and Last Calls are posted.
This list is strongly moderated, and only the Secretariat and a small This list is strongly moderated, and only the Secretariat and a small
number of IETF leaders can approve messages sent to the announcement number of IETF leaders can approve messages sent to the announcement
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Every IETF mailing list is archived. (Unfortunately, the archives Every IETF mailing list is archived. (Unfortunately, the archives
for some lists from many years ago, when the IETF did not have its for some lists from many years ago, when the IETF did not have its
own servers, have been lost.) own servers, have been lost.)
Even though the IETF mailing lists "represent" the IETF participants Even though the IETF mailing lists "represent" the IETF participants
at large, it is important to note that attending an IETF meeting does at large, it is important to note that attending an IETF meeting does
not mean you'll be automatically added to any list; you'll have to not mean you'll be automatically added to any list; you'll have to
"opt in" directly. "opt in" directly.
3 IETF Meetings 3. IETF Meetings
The computer industry is rife with conferences, seminars, The computer industry is rife with conferences, seminars,
expositions, and all manner of other kinds of meetings. IETF face- expositions, and all manner of other kinds of meetings. IETF face-
to-face meetings are not like these. The meetings, held three times to-face meetings are not like these. The meetings, held three times
a year, are week-long gatherings with the primary goals of helping a year, are week-long gatherings with the primary goals of helping
Working Groups get their tasks done, and promoting a fair amount of Working Groups get their tasks done, and promoting a fair amount of
mixing among the WGs and the Areas. IETF meetings are of little mixing among the WGs and the Areas. IETF meetings are of little
interest to sales and marketing folks, but of high interest to interest to sales and marketing folks, but of high interest to
engineers and developers. engineers and developers.
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There have been more than 110 IETF meetings so far. The list of There have been more than 110 IETF meetings so far. The list of
future meetings is available online future meetings is available online
(https://www.ietf.org/how/meetings/upcoming/), and they are also (https://www.ietf.org/how/meetings/upcoming/), and they are also
announced on the _ietf-announce_ mailing list mentioned above. announced on the _ietf-announce_ mailing list mentioned above.
Note that COVID-19 disrupted the in-person meetings. After several Note that COVID-19 disrupted the in-person meetings. After several
virtual or online meetings, the IETF tried its first hybrid meeting, virtual or online meetings, the IETF tried its first hybrid meeting,
in Vienna, in March 2022. in Vienna, in March 2022.
3.1 Registration 3.1. Registration
To attend an IETF meeting, either online or in person, you have to To attend an IETF meeting, either online or in person, you have to
register and pay a registration fee. If you cannot afford the online register and pay a registration fee. If you cannot afford the online
registration fee, you can apply for a fee waiver during the registration fee, you can apply for a fee waiver during the
registration process. The meeting site (if the meeting is not purely registration process. The meeting site (if the meeting is not purely
online) is generally announced at several months ahead of the meeting online) is generally announced at several months ahead of the meeting
-- earlier if possible. An announcement goes out via email to the -- earlier if possible. An announcement goes out via email to the
_ietf-announce_ mailing list, and information is posted on the IETF _ietf-announce_ mailing list, and information is posted on the IETF
web site (https://www.ietf.org), that same day. Upcoming meeting web site (https://www.ietf.org), that same day. Upcoming meeting
locations are also mentioned at the plenary, and the host for the locations are also mentioned at the plenary, and the host for the
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You can also turn in lost-and-found items to the registration desk. You can also turn in lost-and-found items to the registration desk.
At the end of the meeting, anything left over from the lost-and-found At the end of the meeting, anything left over from the lost-and-found
will usually be turned over to the hotel or brought back to the will usually be turned over to the hotel or brought back to the
Secretariat's office. Incidentally, the IETF registration desk is Secretariat's office. Incidentally, the IETF registration desk is
often a convenient place to arrange to meet people. If someone says often a convenient place to arrange to meet people. If someone says
"meet me at registration," you should clarify if they mean the IETF "meet me at registration," you should clarify if they mean the IETF
registration desk, or the hotel registration desk: This has been a registration desk, or the hotel registration desk: This has been a
common cause of missed connections. common cause of missed connections.
3.2 Take the Plunge and Stay All Week! 3.2. Take the Plunge and Stay All Week!
IETF WG meetings are scheduled from Monday morning through Friday IETF WG meetings are scheduled from Monday morning through Friday
afternoon. Associated non-WG meetings often take place on the afternoon. Associated non-WG meetings often take place on the
preceding or following weekends, and unofficial "side meetings" can preceding or following weekends, and unofficial "side meetings" can
also be scheduled during the week. It is best to plan to be present also be scheduled during the week. It is best to plan to be present
the whole week, to benefit from cross-fertilization between WGs and the whole week, to benefit from cross-fertilization between WGs and
from hallway discussions (both offline as well as in online from hallway discussions (both offline as well as in online
environments such as the _gather.town_ website). As noted below, the environments such as the _gather.town_ website). As noted below, the
agenda is fluid, and there have been instances of participants agenda is fluid, and there have been instances of participants
missing important sessions due to last-minute scheduling changes missing important sessions due to last-minute scheduling changes
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charge to use the "IETF wifi." This usually covers many places of charge to use the "IETF wifi." This usually covers many places of
the meeting venue (restaurants, coffee shops, and so on), so catching the meeting venue (restaurants, coffee shops, and so on), so catching
up on email when not in meetings is a fairly common task for IETFers. up on email when not in meetings is a fairly common task for IETFers.
Note that many people use their laptops actively during meeting Note that many people use their laptops actively during meeting
sessions for practical purposes such as consulting drafts. Power sessions for practical purposes such as consulting drafts. Power
strips in all meeting rooms and hotel rooms will provide only the strips in all meeting rooms and hotel rooms will provide only the
sockets permitted by local regulations, so ensure in advance that you sockets permitted by local regulations, so ensure in advance that you
have an appropriate travel adapter. have an appropriate travel adapter.
3.3 Newcomer Training 3.3. Newcomer Training
Newcomers should attend the Newcomer's Tutorial on Sunday, which is Newcomers should attend the Newcomer's Tutorial on Sunday, which is
especially designed for them. The tutorial is organized and especially designed for them. The tutorial is organized and
conducted by the IETF Education, Mentoring, and Outreach Directorate conducted by the IETF Education, Mentoring, and Outreach Directorate
(_EMODIR_) team and is intended to provide useful introductory (_EMODIR_) team and is intended to provide useful introductory
information. The session covers the structure of the IETF, how to information. The session covers the structure of the IETF, how to
get the most out of the meeting, and many other essential and get the most out of the meeting, and many other essential and
enlightening topics for new IETFers. The IETF has a YouTube channel enlightening topics for new IETFers. The IETF has a YouTube channel
(https://www.youtube.com/user/ietf) which has the previous tutorials. (https://www.youtube.com/user/ietf) which has the previous tutorials.
This has recently been broken down into four 15-minute segments This has recently been broken down into four 15-minute segments
(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MW1cDLmr91c&list=PLC86T- (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MW1cDLmr91c&list=PLC86T-
6ZTP5imxIwnF0mYxWVp0sbqDR0J&pp=iAQB) which might be easier to view. 6ZTP5imxIwnF0mYxWVp0sbqDR0J&pp=iAQB) which might be easier to view.
_Quick Connections_ is a session limited to newcomers and experienced _Quick Connections_ is a session limited to newcomers and experienced
IETF participants. It is a great chance to meet people, and IETF participants. It is a great chance to meet people, and
establish contacts that can be useful during the rest of the week. establish contacts that can be useful during the rest of the week.
Registration is required as space is limited. It is held right Registration is required as space is limited. It is held right
before the welcome reception. before the welcome reception.
3.4 Dress Code 3.4. Dress Code
At meetings people generally dress informally, and newcomers could At meetings people generally dress informally, and newcomers could
feel out of place if they show up Monday morning in suits. The feel out of place if they show up Monday morning in suits. The
general rule is "dress for casual comfort." Note that the hotel air general rule is "dress for casual comfort." Note that the hotel air
conditioning might mean bringing a sweater or other covering as well. conditioning might mean bringing a sweater or other covering as well.
3.5 Working Group Meetings 3.5. Working Group Meetings
The heart of an IETF meeting is the WG meetings themselves. The heart of an IETF meeting is the WG meetings themselves.
Different WGs chairs have very different styles, so it is impossible Different WGs chairs have very different styles, so it is impossible
to generalize how a WG meeting will feel. All WGs have agendas, to generalize how a WG meeting will feel. All WGs have agendas,
however, and most will follow the following approach. however, and most will follow the following approach.
At the beginning of the meeting, the chair will pass around the _blue At the beginning of the meeting, the chair will pass around the _blue
sheets_, which are paper forms on which everyone writes their name sheets_, which are paper forms on which everyone writes their name
and their affiliation. These are archived and used for planning and their affiliation. These are archived and used for planning
capacity needs for the next time the WG meets. In very rare cases, capacity needs for the next time the WG meets. In very rare cases,
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at the mic, but do not hesitate to be the first person at the line if at the mic, but do not hesitate to be the first person at the line if
you have a question or a contribution to the discussion. The WG you have a question or a contribution to the discussion. The WG
chair or presenter will indicate when you can speak. Although it chair or presenter will indicate when you can speak. Although it
would be easier to just raise your hand from where you are sitting, would be easier to just raise your hand from where you are sitting,
the mics perform a very useful task: they let the people listening the mics perform a very useful task: they let the people listening
remotely and in the room hear your question or comment. When you remotely and in the room hear your question or comment. When you
first speak, say your name and affiliation for identification first speak, say your name and affiliation for identification
purposes. If you miss this, folks will often say "name!" to remind purposes. If you miss this, folks will often say "name!" to remind
you. Don't be embarrassed if this happens, it's not uncommon. you. Don't be embarrassed if this happens, it's not uncommon.
3.6 Seeing Spots Before Your Eyes 3.6. Seeing Spots Before Your Eyes
Some attendees will have a little colored dot on their name tag, and Some attendees will have a little colored dot on their name tag, and
a few people have more than one. These dots identify people who have a few people have more than one. These dots identify people who have
volunteered to do extra work, such as being a WG chair, an IESG volunteered to do extra work, such as being a WG chair, an IESG
member, and so on. The colors have the meanings shown here. member, and so on. The colors have the meanings shown here.
+========+=============================+ +========+=============================+
| Color | Meaning | | Color | Meaning |
+========+=============================+ +========+=============================+
| Blue | Working Group/BOF Chair | | Blue | Working Group/BOF Chair |
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send email after the meeting ends. Also, when you start a hallway send email after the meeting ends. Also, when you start a hallway
conversation with an Area Director (or even a WG chair, for that conversation with an Area Director (or even a WG chair, for that
matter), it is often good to give them about 30 seconds of context matter), it is often good to give them about 30 seconds of context
for the discussion. for the discussion.
Near the registration area there are usually ribbons and markers so Near the registration area there are usually ribbons and markers so
that people can label their specific interests, history, and so on. that people can label their specific interests, history, and so on.
Many people use them to make (inside) jokes, which are sometimes Many people use them to make (inside) jokes, which are sometimes
amusing. amusing.
3.7 Terminal Room 3.7. Terminal Room
The IETF wifi is provided by volunteers who run the Network The IETF wifi is provided by volunteers who run the Network
Operations Center (NOC). The terminal room is where you can get Operations Center (NOC). The terminal room is where you can get
wired connectivity and limited access to a printer. The people and wired connectivity and limited access to a printer. The people and
companies that donate their equipment, services, and time are to be companies that donate their equipment, services, and time are to be
heartily congratulated and thanked. heartily congratulated and thanked.
You must be wearing your badge in order to get into the terminal You must be wearing your badge in order to get into the terminal
room. The terminal room provides power strips, Ethernet ports, and room. The terminal room provides power strips, Ethernet ports, and
wifi (for the people who don't need Ethernet but want power). What wifi (for the people who don't need Ethernet but want power). What
it doesn't provide are terminals; the name is historical. The help it doesn't provide are terminals; the name is historical. The help
desk in the terminal room is also a good place to ask questions about desk in the terminal room is also a good place to ask questions about
network failures, although they might point you off to different network failures, although they might point you off to different
networking staff. networking staff.
3.8 Meals and Snacks 3.8. Meals and Snacks
Although it is true that some people eat very well at the IETF, they Although it is true that some people eat very well at the IETF, they
find the food on their own since lunches and dinners are not included find the food on their own since lunches and dinners are not included
in the registration fee. In addition to socializing, dinner meetings in the registration fee. In addition to socializing, dinner meetings
can be a good way to get additional work done. can be a good way to get additional work done.
If sponsorship for it is secured, the welcome reception provides If sponsorship for it is secured, the welcome reception provides
drinks and appetizers but is not meant to be a full replacement for drinks and appetizers but is not meant to be a full replacement for
dinner. Sometimes a continental breakfast can be included with the dinner. Sometimes a continental breakfast can be included with the
hotel registration. There IETF meeting also includes a morning hotel registration. There IETF meeting also includes a morning
coffee and snack break, and a similar one in the afternoon. coffee and snack break, and a similar one in the afternoon.
If you prefer to get out of the hotel for meals, the local host If you prefer to get out of the hotel for meals, the local host
usually provides a list of places to eat within easy reach of the usually provides a list of places to eat within easy reach of the
meeting site, and the meeting-specific email list is also a useful meeting site, and the meeting-specific email list is also a useful
source. source.
3.9 Social Event 3.9. Social Event
Another of the most important things organized and managed by the Another of the most important things organized and managed by the
host is the IETF social event. The social event is sometimes high- host is the IETF social event. The social event is sometimes high-
tech-related event, or it might be in an art museum or a reception tech-related event, or it might be in an art museum or a reception
hall. Note, however, that not all IETF meetings have social events. hall. Note, however, that not all IETF meetings have social events.
Newcomers to the IETF are encouraged to attend the social event. Newcomers to the IETF are encouraged to attend the social event.
Wear your name tag and leave your laptop behind. The social event is Wear your name tag and leave your laptop behind. The social event is
designed to give people a chance to meet on a social, rather than designed to give people a chance to meet on a social, rather than
technical, level. The social ticket costs extra, is reserved at technical, level. The social ticket costs extra, is reserved at
registration time, and has limited capacity. People looking to buy registration time, and has limited capacity. People looking to buy
or sell a social ticket often post to the email list, or on the or sell a social ticket often post to the email list, or on the
corkboards mentioned above. corkboards mentioned above.
3.10 Agenda 3.10. Agenda
The agenda for the IETF meetings is a very fluid thing. It is The agenda for the IETF meetings is a very fluid thing. It is
available on the web and through the IETF mobile apps starting a few available on the web and through the IETF mobile apps starting a few
weeks before the meeting. Of course, "final" in the IETF doesn't weeks before the meeting. Of course, "final" in the IETF doesn't
mean the same thing as it does elsewhere in the world. The final mean the same thing as it does elsewhere in the world. The final
agenda is simply the last version posted before the meeting. The agenda is simply the last version posted before the meeting. The
Secretariat will post agenda changes on the bulletin board near the Secretariat will post agenda changes on the bulletin board near the
IETF registration desk (reminder, not the hotel registration desk!). IETF registration desk (reminder, not the hotel registration desk!).
These late changes are not capricious: they are made "just in time" These late changes are not capricious: they are made "just in time"
as session chairs and speakers become aware of unanticipated as session chairs and speakers become aware of unanticipated
conflicts. The IETF is too dynamic for agendas to be tied down weeks conflicts. The IETF is too dynamic for agendas to be tied down weeks
in advance. in advance.
A map showing the hotel layout and, specifically the meeting rooms, A map showing the hotel layout and, specifically the meeting rooms,
is also available with the agenda. Room assignments can change as is also available with the agenda. Room assignments can change as
the agenda changes. Some Working Groups meet multiple times during a the agenda changes. Some Working Groups meet multiple times during a
meeting, and every attempt is made to have a Working Group meet in meeting, and every attempt is made to have a Working Group meet in
the same room for each session. the same room for each session.
3.11 EMODIR to the Rescue 3.11. EMODIR to the Rescue
If, after you finish reading this document, certain aspects of the If, after you finish reading this document, certain aspects of the
IETF still mystify you, you'll want to drop in on the on-site IETF still mystify you, you'll want to drop in on the on-site
training offered by the Education, Mentoring, and Outreach (EMODIR) training offered by the Education, Mentoring, and Outreach (EMODIR)
team. In addition to the Newcomer training mentioned above, EMODIR team. In addition to the Newcomer training mentioned above, EMODIR
also hosts informal newcomer gatherings during the coffee break also hosts informal newcomer gatherings during the coffee break
sessions. Details vary for each meeting, so watch the agenda and the sessions. Details vary for each meeting, so watch the agenda and the
newcomer-specific email list. newcomer-specific email list.
EMODIR also organized in-depth technical tutorials, useful for EMODIR also organized in-depth technical tutorials, useful for
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effective quickly. This has not worked out very well during the all- effective quickly. This has not worked out very well during the all-
virtual meetings, frankly. If you are interested, watch for the virtual meetings, frankly. If you are interested, watch for the
announcement. Ideally you have a call with your mentor before the announcement. Ideally you have a call with your mentor before the
meeting, a meeting during the beginning of the meeting, and check in meeting, a meeting during the beginning of the meeting, and check in
some time during the meeting, so they can help you with any questions some time during the meeting, so they can help you with any questions
you might have. you might have.
Details on EMODIR membership and charter are available online Details on EMODIR membership and charter are available online
(https://datatracker.ietf.org/group/emodir/about/). (https://datatracker.ietf.org/group/emodir/about/).
3.12 Where Do I Fit In? 3.12. Where Do I Fit In?
The IETF is different things to different people. There are many The IETF is different things to different people. There are many
people who have been very active in the IETF who have never attended people who have been very active in the IETF who have never attended
an IETF meeting, and you should not feel obligated to come to an IETF an IETF meeting, and you should not feel obligated to come to an IETF
meeting just to get a feel for the IETF. If, however, you decide to meeting just to get a feel for the IETF. If, however, you decide to
come, this document and RFC 4144: How to Gain Prominence and come, this document and RFC 4144: How to Gain Prominence and
Influence in Standards Organizations (https://www.rfc- Influence in Standards Organizations (https://www.rfc-
editor.org/info/rfc4144) provides some pointers on how to make your editor.org/info/rfc4144) provides some pointers on how to make your
meeting a success. The following guidelines (based on stereotypes of meeting a success. The following guidelines (based on stereotypes of
people in various industries) might help you decide whether you people in various industries) might help you decide whether you
actually want to come and, if so, what might be the best use of your actually want to come and, if so, what might be the best use of your
time at your first meeting. time at your first meeting.
3.12.1 IT Managers 3.12.1. IT Managers
As discussed throughout this document, an IETF meeting is nothing As discussed throughout this document, an IETF meeting is nothing
like any trade show you have attended. IETF meetings are singularly like any trade show you have attended. IETF meetings are singularly
bad places to go if your intention is to find out what will be hot in bad places to go if your intention is to find out what will be hot in
the Internet industry next year. You can safely assume that going to the Internet industry next year. You can safely assume that going to
Working Group meetings will confuse you more than it will help you Working Group meetings will confuse you more than it will help you
understand what is happening, or will be happening, in the industry. understand what is happening, or will be happening, in the industry.
This is not to say that no one from the industry should go to IETF This is not to say that no one from the industry should go to IETF
meetings. As an IT manager, you might want to consider sending meetings. As an IT manager, you might want to consider sending
specific people who are responsible for technologies that are under specific people who are responsible for technologies that are under
development in the IETF. As these people read the current Internet- development in the IETF. As these people read the current Internet-
Drafts and email traffic on the relevant Working Group lists, they Drafts and email traffic on the relevant Working Group lists, they
will get a sense of whether or not their presence would be worthwhile will get a sense of whether or not their presence would be worthwhile
for your company or for the Working Groups. for your company or for the Working Groups.
3.12.2 Network Operators and ISPs 3.12.2. Network Operators and ISPs
Knowledge of how networks are run is indispensable for the Knowledge of how networks are run is indispensable for the
development of new (versions of) protocols. Especially if you work development of new (versions of) protocols. Especially if you work
for the type of network that is always using the very latest hardware for the type of network that is always using the very latest hardware
and software, and you are already following the relevant Working and software, and you are already following the relevant Working
Groups, you could certainly find participating in the IETF valuable. Groups, you could certainly find participating in the IETF valuable.
Note that the IETF has several WGs focused on operations, that might Note that the IETF has several WGs focused on operations, that might
be particularly relevant. be particularly relevant.
Finally, note that the IETF is increasingly focused on encrypting Finally, note that the IETF is increasingly focused on encrypting
network traffic, and that this has implications for operators. A network traffic, and that this has implications for operators. A
fair amount of IETF work also covers many other parts of operations fair amount of IETF work also covers many other parts of operations
of ISPs and large enterprises, and the input of operators from each of ISPs and large enterprises, and the input of operators from each
of these types of organizations is quite valuable to keep this work of these types of organizations is quite valuable to keep this work
vibrant and relevant. Many of the best operations documents from the vibrant and relevant. Many of the best operations documents from the
IETF come from real-world operators, not vendors and academics. IETF come from real-world operators, not vendors and academics.
3.12.3 Networking Hardware and Software Vendors 3.12.3. Networking Hardware and Software Vendors
The image of the IETF being mostly network researchers may have been The image of the IETF being mostly network researchers may have been
true in the distant past, but the jobs of today's attendees are true in the distant past, but the jobs of today's attendees are
typically in industry. In most areas of the IETF, employees of typically in industry. In most areas of the IETF, employees of
vendors are the ones writing the protocols and leading the Working vendors are the ones writing the protocols and leading the Working
Groups, so it's completely appropriate for vendors to attend. If you Groups, so it's completely appropriate for vendors to attend. If you
create Internet hardware or software, or run a service available on create Internet hardware or software, or run a service available on
the Internet, and no one from your company has ever attended an IETF the Internet, and no one from your company has ever attended an IETF
meeting, it behooves you to come to a meeting if for no other reason meeting, it behooves you to come to a meeting if for no other reason
than to tell the others how relevant the meeting was or was not to than to tell the others how relevant the meeting was or was not to
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useful, for everyone from a technical department to go, especially if useful, for everyone from a technical department to go, especially if
they are not all reading the Internet-Drafts and following the they are not all reading the Internet-Drafts and following the
Working Group mailing lists. Many companies have just a few Working Group mailing lists. Many companies have just a few
designated meeting attendees who are chosen for their ability to do designated meeting attendees who are chosen for their ability to do
complete and useful trip reports. In addition, many companies have complete and useful trip reports. In addition, many companies have
internal coordination efforts and a standards strategy. If a company internal coordination efforts and a standards strategy. If a company
depends on the Internet for some or all of its business, the strategy depends on the Internet for some or all of its business, the strategy
should probably cover the IETF, but note that IETF participation is should probably cover the IETF, but note that IETF participation is
as an _individual_ not a formal representative of their employer. as an _individual_ not a formal representative of their employer.
3.12.4 Academics 3.12.4. Academics
IETF meetings are often excellent places for all kinds of researchers IETF meetings are often excellent places for all kinds of researchers
to find out what is happening in the way of soon-to-be-deployed to find out what is happening in the way of soon-to-be-deployed
protocols, and networking architecture and infrastructure. protocols, and networking architecture and infrastructure.
Professors and grad students (and sometimes overachieving undergrads) Professors and grad students (and sometimes overachieving undergrads)
who are doing research in networking or communications can get a who are doing research in networking or communications can get a
wealth of information by following Working Groups in their specific wealth of information by following Working Groups in their specific
fields of interest. Wandering into different Working Group meetings fields of interest. Wandering into different Working Group meetings
can have the same effect as going to symposia and seminars in your can have the same effect as going to symposia and seminars in your
department. Researchers are also, of course, likely to be interested department. Researchers are also, of course, likely to be interested
in IRTF activities. in IRTF activities.
In addition, the IRTF and ACM co-host the annual Applied Networking In addition, the IRTF and ACM co-host the annual Applied Networking
Research Workshop (https://irtf.org/anrw/), normally scheduled during Research Workshop (https://irtf.org/anrw/), normally scheduled during
the July IETF meeting Registration is required, IETF attendees can the July IETF meeting Registration is required, IETF attendees can
attend for free. The IRTF also hosts the Applied Networking Research attend for free. The IRTF also hosts the Applied Networking Research
Prize (https://irtf.org/anrp/), which includes a cash prize, a travel Prize (https://irtf.org/anrp/), which includes a cash prize, a travel
grant to attend, and a chance to present. See the web page for grant to attend, and a chance to present. See the web page for
requirements. requirements.
3.12.5 Computer Trade Press 3.12.5. Computer Trade Press
If you're a member of the press and are considering attending IETF, If you're a member of the press and are considering attending IETF,
please see the special section below. please see the special section below.
3.13 Proceedings 3.13. Proceedings
IETF proceedings are compiled in the weeks and months after each IETF proceedings are compiled in the weeks and months after each
meeting and are available online (https://www.ietf.org/how/meetings/ meeting and are available online (https://www.ietf.org/how/meetings/
proceedings/). Be sure to look through a copy at least once; the proceedings/). Be sure to look through a copy at least once; the
proceedings are filled with information about IETF that you're not proceedings are filled with information about IETF that you're not
likely to find anywhere else. For example, you'll copies of every likely to find anywhere else. For example, you'll copies of every
session's slides, links to the video recording, copies of the blue session's slides, links to the video recording, copies of the blue
sheets (attendance), and so on. sheets (attendance), and so on.
3.14 Other General Things 3.14. Other General Things
IETFers in general are very approachable. Never be afraid to IETFers in general are very approachable. Never be afraid to
approach someone and introduce yourself. Also, don't be afraid to approach someone and introduce yourself. Also, don't be afraid to
ask questions, especially when it comes to jargon and acronyms. If ask questions, especially when it comes to jargon and acronyms. If
someone is presenting an update to their draft, feel free to step up someone is presenting an update to their draft, feel free to step up
to the mic and ask a clarifying question. Before you do, however, to the mic and ask a clarifying question. Before you do, however,
make sure to have read the draft first. Working Group meetings are make sure to have read the draft first. Working Group meetings are
not a time for general tutorials. not a time for general tutorials.
Hallway conversations are very important. A lot of very good work Hallway conversations are very important. A lot of very good work
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mind that the IETF is not a trade show. mind that the IETF is not a trade show.
There is always a "materials distribution table" near the There is always a "materials distribution table" near the
registration desk. This desk is used to make appropriate information registration desk. This desk is used to make appropriate information
available to the attendees (e.g., copies of something discussed in a available to the attendees (e.g., copies of something discussed in a
Working Group session, descriptions of online IETF-related Working Group session, descriptions of online IETF-related
information). Please check with the Secretariat before placing information). Please check with the Secretariat before placing
materials on the desk; the Secretariat has the right to remove materials on the desk; the Secretariat has the right to remove
material that they feel is not appropriate. material that they feel is not appropriate.
3.15 Remote Participation 3.15. Remote Participation
People have joined IETF meetings remotely for a long time, but the People have joined IETF meetings remotely for a long time, but the
tools for this have changed a lot over the years. Currently the IETF tools for this have changed a lot over the years. Currently the IETF
uses a browser- based tool known as _MeetEcho_. There is also a text- uses a browser- based tool known as _MeetEcho_. There is also a text-
based discussion forum called _Jabber_. This is integrated into based discussion forum called _Jabber_. This is integrated into
MeetEcho, but there are also stand-alone clients available. Planned MeetEcho, but there are also stand-alone clients available. Planned
for 2022, the _Zulip_ text will be available. Each WG will have its for 2022, the _Zulip_ text will be available. Each WG will have its
own stream. own stream.
The links for the Meetecho rooms, the Jabber chats, and meeting The links for the Meetecho rooms, the Jabber chats, and meeting
materials, can always be found in the right-hand side of the agenda, materials, can always be found in the right-hand side of the agenda,
under the different icons. All sessions are recorded and can be under the different icons. All sessions are recorded and can be
viewed after the meeting, along with chat logs and meeting minutes. viewed after the meeting, along with chat logs and meeting minutes.
This can be useful to refresh your memory while writing a trip This can be useful to refresh your memory while writing a trip
report, or for catching up on what happened when you wanted to be in report, or for catching up on what happened when you wanted to be in
two WG meetings at once. It happens; scheduling conflicts are two WG meetings at once. It happens; scheduling conflicts are
unavoidable. unavoidable.
4 Working Groups 4. Working Groups
The vast majority of the IETF's work is done in its many Working The vast majority of the IETF's work is done in its many Working
Groups; at the time of this writing, there are well over one hundred Groups; at the time of this writing, there are well over one hundred
different WGs. BCP 25 (https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/bcp25), "IETF different WGs. BCP 25 (https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/bcp25), "IETF
Working Group Guidelines and Procedures," is an excellent resource Working Group Guidelines and Procedures," is an excellent resource
for anyone participating in WG discussions. The full list of working for anyone participating in WG discussions. The full list of working
groups can be found on the datatracker (https://datatracker.ietf.org/ groups can be found on the datatracker (https://datatracker.ietf.org/
wg/). wg/).
A WG is really just a mailing list with a bit of supervision and A WG is really just a mailing list with a bit of supervision and
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wander off on other "interesting" topics. Of course, looking a bit wander off on other "interesting" topics. Of course, looking a bit
outside the scope of the WG is occasionally useful, but the large outside the scope of the WG is occasionally useful, but the large
majority of the discussion should be on the topics listed in the majority of the discussion should be on the topics listed in the
charter. In fact, some WG charters actually specify what the WG will charter. In fact, some WG charters actually specify what the WG will
not do, particularly if there were some attractive but nebulous not do, particularly if there were some attractive but nebulous
topics brought up during the drafting of the charter. The list of topics brought up during the drafting of the charter. The list of
all WG charters makes interesting reading for folks who want to know all WG charters makes interesting reading for folks who want to know
what the different Working Groups are supposed to be doing. Each WG what the different Working Groups are supposed to be doing. Each WG
has its own page on the datatracker. has its own page on the datatracker.
4.1 Working Group Chairs 4.1. Working Group Chairs
Each Working Group has one or two (or, rarely, three) chairs. The Each Working Group has one or two (or, rarely, three) chairs. The
role of the WG chairs is described in both BCP 11 (https://www.rfc- role of the WG chairs is described in both BCP 11 (https://www.rfc-
editor.org/info/bcp11) and BCP 25 (https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/ editor.org/info/bcp11) and BCP 25 (https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/
bcp25). bcp25).
Chairs have responsibility for the technical and non-technical Chairs have responsibility for the technical and non-technical
quality of WG output. The chair must keep the WG productive, and quality of WG output. The chair must keep the WG productive, and
making progress on its drafts. Sometimes there is a WG Secretary to making progress on its drafts. Sometimes there is a WG Secretary to
help. Document editors, too, are usually incentivized to make help. Document editors, too, are usually incentivized to make
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on the list and by scheduling meetings when appropriate. Sometimes on the list and by scheduling meetings when appropriate. Sometimes
discussions get stuck on contentious points and the chair may need to discussions get stuck on contentious points and the chair may need to
steer people toward productive interaction and then declare when steer people toward productive interaction and then declare when
rough consensus has been met and the discussion is over. Sometimes rough consensus has been met and the discussion is over. Sometimes
chairs also manage interactions with non-WG participants or the IESG, chairs also manage interactions with non-WG participants or the IESG,
especially when a WG document approaches publication. As you can especially when a WG document approaches publication. As you can
imagine given the mix of secretarial, interpersonal, and technical imagine given the mix of secretarial, interpersonal, and technical
demands, some Working Group chairs are much better at their jobs than demands, some Working Group chairs are much better at their jobs than
others. others.
4.2 Getting Things Done in a Working Group 4.2. Getting Things Done in a Working Group
One fact that confuses many newcomers is that the face-to-face WG One fact that confuses many newcomers is that the face-to-face WG
meetings are much less important in the IETF than they are in most meetings are much less important in the IETF than they are in most
other organizations. Any decision made at a face-to-face meeting other organizations. Any decision made at a face-to-face meeting
must also gain consensus on the WG mailing list. This is sometimes must also gain consensus on the WG mailing list. This is sometimes
phrased as "at the last WG meeting, we decided XXX; if you disagree phrased as "at the last WG meeting, we decided XXX; if you disagree
please speak up by the end of the week" and you'll therefore often please speak up by the end of the week" and you'll therefore often
hear the phrase "to be confirmed on the list." There are numerous hear the phrase "to be confirmed on the list." There are numerous
examples of important decisions made in WG meetings that are later examples of important decisions made in WG meetings that are later
overturned on the mailing list, often because someone who couldn't overturned on the mailing list, often because someone who couldn't
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bring their concerns to the responsible AD. bring their concerns to the responsible AD.
When a WG has fulfilled its charter, it is supposed to cease When a WG has fulfilled its charter, it is supposed to cease
operations. (Most WG mailing lists continue on after a WG is closed, operations. (Most WG mailing lists continue on after a WG is closed,
still discussing the same topics as the Working Group did.) In the still discussing the same topics as the Working Group did.) In the
IETF, it is a mark of success that the WG closes up because it IETF, it is a mark of success that the WG closes up because it
fulfilled its charter. This is one of the aspects of the IETF that fulfilled its charter. This is one of the aspects of the IETF that
newcomers who have experience with other standards bodies have a hard newcomers who have experience with other standards bodies have a hard
time understanding. time understanding.
4.3 Working Group Documents 4.3. Working Group Documents
There is an official distinction between WG I-Ds and individual I-Ds. There is an official distinction between WG I-Ds and individual I-Ds.
A WG will have to review an individual draft before deciding if it A WG will have to review an individual draft before deciding if it
should be adopted by the WG. The WG chairs appoint who will be the should be adopted by the WG. The WG chairs appoint who will be the
authors or editors of the I-Ds; often those who wrote the initial authors or editors of the I-Ds; often those who wrote the initial
draft continue work on behalf of the WG. Procedures for Internet- draft continue work on behalf of the WG. Procedures for Internet-
Drafts are covered in much more detail later in this document. Drafts are covered in much more detail later in this document.
For Working Group documents, the document editor serves at the For Working Group documents, the document editor serves at the
pleasure of the WG Chair. There is often more than one editor for pleasure of the WG Chair. There is often more than one editor for
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determines who will be listed as authors on the title page and who determines who will be listed as authors on the title page and who
will be acknowledged as contributors in the body of the document. will be acknowledged as contributors in the body of the document.
When a WG document is ready to progress beyond the WG, the WG Chairs When a WG document is ready to progress beyond the WG, the WG Chairs
will assign a "shepherd" to take over the final process. The role of will assign a "shepherd" to take over the final process. The role of
the document shepherd is described in RFC 4858: Document Shepherding the document shepherd is described in RFC 4858: Document Shepherding
from Working Group Last Call to Publication (https://www.rfc- from Working Group Last Call to Publication (https://www.rfc-
editor.org/info/rfc4858). The chair, who knows the history of the editor.org/info/rfc4858). The chair, who knows the history of the
draft within the WG, often does the shepherd write-up. draft within the WG, often does the shepherd write-up.
4.4 Preparing for Working Group Meetings 4.4. Preparing for Working Group Meetings
The most important thing that *everyone* should do before coming to a The most important thing that *everyone* should do before coming to a
face-to-face meeting is to read the Internet-Drafts and RFCs ahead of face-to-face meeting is to read the Internet-Drafts and RFCs ahead of
time. WG meetings are explicitly not for education: they are for time. WG meetings are explicitly not for education: they are for
developing the group's documents and often the document is presented developing the group's documents and often the document is presented
as a set of slides saying "here's what changed since last meeting." as a set of slides saying "here's what changed since last meeting."
Even if you do not plan to say anything in the meeting, you should Even if you do not plan to say anything in the meeting, you should
read, or at least skim, the group's documents before attending so you read, or at least skim, the group's documents before attending so you
can understand what is being said. can understand what is being said.
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during Working Group sessions is to follow the running commentary on during Working Group sessions is to follow the running commentary on
the Jabber room associated with that Working Group. Jabber is a the Jabber room associated with that Working Group. Jabber is a
free, streaming XML technology mainly used for instant messaging. free, streaming XML technology mainly used for instant messaging.
You can find pointers to Jabber clients for many platforms at You can find pointers to Jabber clients for many platforms at
(https://xmpp.org/xmpp-software/clients). The Jabber chatrooms have (https://xmpp.org/xmpp-software/clients). The Jabber chatrooms have
the name of the Working Group followed by "@jabber.ietf.org". Those the name of the Working Group followed by "@jabber.ietf.org". Those
rooms are, in fact, available year-round, not just during IETF rooms are, in fact, available year-round, not just during IETF
meetings, and some are used by active Working Group participants meetings, and some are used by active Working Group participants
during protocol development. during protocol development.
4.5 Working Group Mailing Lists 4.5. Working Group Mailing Lists
As we mentioned earlier, the IETF announcement and discussion mailing As we mentioned earlier, the IETF announcement and discussion mailing
lists are the central mailing lists for IETF activities. However, lists are the central mailing lists for IETF activities. However,
there are many other mailing lists related to IETF work. For there are many other mailing lists related to IETF work. For
example, every Working Group has its own discussion list. In example, every Working Group has its own discussion list. In
addition, there are some long-term technical debates that have been addition, there are some long-term technical debates that have been
moved off of the IETF list onto lists created specifically for those moved off of the IETF list onto lists created specifically for those
topics. It is highly recommended that you follow the discussions on topics. It is highly recommended that you follow the discussions on
the mailing lists of the Working Groups that you wish to attend. The the mailing lists of the Working Groups that you wish to attend. The
more work that is done on the mailing lists, the less work that will more work that is done on the mailing lists, the less work that will
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The mailing lists also provide a forum for those who wish to follow, The mailing lists also provide a forum for those who wish to follow,
or contribute to, the Working Groups' efforts, but can't attend the or contribute to, the Working Groups' efforts, but can't attend the
IETF meetings. That's why IETF procedures require all decisions to IETF meetings. That's why IETF procedures require all decisions to
be confirmed "on the list" and you will often hear a WG chair say, be confirmed "on the list" and you will often hear a WG chair say,
"Let's take it to the list" to close a discussion. "Let's take it to the list" to close a discussion.
Every WG has a dedicated page on the datatracker site, and the Every WG has a dedicated page on the datatracker site, and the
"About" tab will point to mailing list subscription and archives. "About" tab will point to mailing list subscription and archives.
4.6 Interim Working Group Meetings 4.6. Interim Working Group Meetings
Working Groups sometimes hold interim meetings between IETFs. Working Groups sometimes hold interim meetings between IETFs.
Interim meetings aren't a substitute for IETF meetings, however -- a Interim meetings aren't a substitute for IETF meetings, however -- a
group can't decide to skip a meeting in a location they're not fond group can't decide to skip a meeting in a location they're not fond
of and meet in Cancun (or even someplace mundane) three weeks later, of and meet in Cancun (or even someplace mundane) three weeks later,
for example. Interim meetings need to be announced at least one for example. Interim meetings need to be announced at least one
month in advance. Location and timing need to allow fair access for month in advance. Location and timing need to allow fair access for
all participants. Like regular IETF meetings, someone needs to take all participants. Like regular IETF meetings, someone needs to take
notes and the group needs to take attendance. Decisions tentatively notes and the group needs to take attendance. Decisions tentatively
made during an interim WG meeting must still be confirmed on the made during an interim WG meeting must still be confirmed on the
mailing list. Interim meetings are subject to the IETF Note Well. mailing list. Interim meetings are subject to the IETF Note Well.
Most interim meetings are virtual these days and have the same Most interim meetings are virtual these days and have the same
reporting requirements as face-to-face virtual meetings. reporting requirements as face-to-face virtual meetings.
The IESG has rules for advance notice on time and place of interim The IESG has rules for advance notice on time and place of interim
Working Group meetings, as well as reporting the results of the Working Group meetings, as well as reporting the results of the
meetings. The purpose of these rules is to make interim meetings meetings. The purpose of these rules is to make interim meetings
accessible to as many Working Group members as possible and to accessible to as many Working Group members as possible and to
maintain the transparency of the Working Group process. maintain the transparency of the Working Group process.
5 BOFs and Dispatching 5. BOFs and Dispatching
In order to form a Working Group, you need a charter and someone who In order to form a Working Group, you need a charter and someone who
is able to be chair. In order to get those things, you need to get is able to be chair. In order to get those things, you need to get
people interested so that they can help focus the charter and people interested so that they can help focus the charter and
convince an Area Director that the project is worthwhile. A face-to- convince an Area Director that the project is worthwhile. A face-to-
face meeting is useful for this. In fact, very few WGs get started face meeting is useful for this. In fact, very few WGs get started
without an initial meeting. without an initial meeting.
A _Birds of a Feather_ (BOF) meeting has to be approved by the Area A _Birds of a Feather_ (BOF) meeting has to be approved by the Area
Director in the relevant area, in consultation with the IESG and the Director in the relevant area, in consultation with the IESG and the
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steps: possibilities include create a new WG, send to an existing WG, steps: possibilities include create a new WG, send to an existing WG,
hold a BOF, and so on. hold a BOF, and so on.
An advantage of using the dispatch WG compared to a BOF is that the An advantage of using the dispatch WG compared to a BOF is that the
discussion is more limited and focused. On the other hand, a draft discussion is more limited and focused. On the other hand, a draft
might tend to limit what the other folks in the BOF want to do in the might tend to limit what the other folks in the BOF want to do in the
charter. Remember that most BOFs are held in order to get support charter. Remember that most BOFs are held in order to get support
for an eventual Working Group, not to get support for a particular for an eventual Working Group, not to get support for a particular
document. document.
6 RFCs and Internet-Drafts 6. RFCs and Internet-Drafts
This section discusses Internet-Drafts and RFCs in the IETF stream, This section discusses Internet-Drafts and RFCs in the IETF stream,
that is, it describes how documents are produced and advanced within that is, it describes how documents are produced and advanced within
the IETF. For a brief note on other RFC streams, see above. the IETF. For a brief note on other RFC streams, see above.
If you're a new IETF participant and are looking for a particular RFC If you're a new IETF participant and are looking for a particular RFC
or Internet-Draft, you can use the IETF _Datatracker_. This website, or Internet-Draft, you can use the IETF _Datatracker_. This website,
https://datatracker.ietf.org/ (https://datatracker.ietf.org/), has a https://datatracker.ietf.org/ (https://datatracker.ietf.org/), has a
text search capability (including content, keywords, author, and so text search capability (including content, keywords, author, and so
on), and the search results point to the document status, page count, on), and the search results point to the document status, page count,
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started/#officialdocuments), particularly if it is not intended for started/#officialdocuments), particularly if it is not intended for
the standards track. For the sake of brevity, we will not mention the standards track. For the sake of brevity, we will not mention
those here. After all, this document is about "the Way of the IETF" those here. After all, this document is about "the Way of the IETF"
and the main Way is "developing standards." and the main Way is "developing standards."
If you are interested in learning more about how to author an If you are interested in learning more about how to author an
Internet-Draft yourself, the I-D Authors website Internet-Draft yourself, the I-D Authors website
(https://authors.ietf.org) has a lot of information and resources, (https://authors.ietf.org) has a lot of information and resources,
including pointers to online tools that can help. including pointers to online tools that can help.
6.1 The Overall Process 6.1. The Overall Process
The very first step is to have a draft document. Internet-Drafts The very first step is to have a draft document. Internet-Drafts
should follow a specific format, and are required to have particular should follow a specific format, and are required to have particular
sections. This will be discussed more below. sections. This will be discussed more below.
RFCs are generally written by a Working Group. If an appropriate WG RFCs are generally written by a Working Group. If an appropriate WG
doesn't seem to exist, then the BOF or Dispatch process mentioned doesn't seem to exist, then the BOF or Dispatch process mentioned
above can be used to learn which one is appropriate, or start the above can be used to learn which one is appropriate, or start the
process to create one. process to create one.
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The publication process can take weeks, but be patient, and you'll The publication process can take weeks, but be patient, and you'll
eventually see an email announcement saying that your brand-new RFC eventually see an email announcement saying that your brand-new RFC
has been published. Congratulations! has been published. Congratulations!
A much more complete explanation of these steps is contained in BCP 9 A much more complete explanation of these steps is contained in BCP 9
(https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/bcp9). This set of documents goes (https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/bcp9). This set of documents goes
into great detail on a topic that is very often misunderstood, even into great detail on a topic that is very often misunderstood, even
by seasoned IETF participants: different types of RFCs go through by seasoned IETF participants: different types of RFCs go through
different processes and have different rankings. different processes and have different rankings.
6.2 Common Issues 6.2. Common Issues
There are two major issues that often come up while preparing I-Ds: There are two major issues that often come up while preparing I-Ds:
copyright and patents. copyright and patents.
We discussed copyright above, but expand on it here. When the IETF We discussed copyright above, but expand on it here. When the IETF
adopts a Internet-Draft, it is required that the _boilerplate_, the adopts an Internet-Draft, it is required that the _boilerplate_, the
common text that appears in every draft, has a notice that says the common text that appears in every draft, has a notice that says the
IETF, _and the document authors_ own the copyright. This means that IETF, _and the document authors_ own the copyright. This means that
while the IETF can do what it wants with the document, within while the IETF can do what it wants with the document, within
limitations so can you. You cannot, for example, claim this is an limitations so can you. You cannot, for example, claim this is an
IETF standard, nor use the IETF trademarks. IETF standard, nor use the IETF trademarks.
Incidentally, the change control on Internet standards doesn't end Incidentally, the change control on Internet standards doesn't end
when the RFC is published. Things can be changed later for a number when the RFC is published. Things can be changed later for a number
of reasons, such as to solve a newly-discovered problem or address of reasons, such as to solve a newly-discovered problem or address
new use-cases. These later changes are also under the control of the new use-cases. These later changes are also under the control of the
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in the document. Instead, consult the IPR disclosures in the document. Instead, consult the IPR disclosures
(https://datatracker.ietf.org/ipr/about/) page. If you still have (https://datatracker.ietf.org/ipr/about/) page. If you still have
issues, consult with the WG Chair or the responsible AD. issues, consult with the WG Chair or the responsible AD.
Intellectual property rights aren't mentioned in RFCs because RFCs Intellectual property rights aren't mentioned in RFCs because RFCs
never change after they are published, while knowledge of IPR can never change after they are published, while knowledge of IPR can
change at any time. Therefore, an IPR list in an RFC could be change at any time. Therefore, an IPR list in an RFC could be
incomplete and mislead the reader. BCP 79 (https://www.rfc- incomplete and mislead the reader. BCP 79 (https://www.rfc-
editor.org/info/bcp79) provides specific text that should be added to editor.org/info/bcp79) provides specific text that should be added to
RFCs where the author knows of IPR issues. RFCs where the author knows of IPR issues.
6.3 Writing an Internet-Draft 6.3. Writing an Internet-Draft
Every RFC starts its life as an I-D. Internet-Drafts have the same Every RFC starts its life as an I-D. Internet-Drafts have the same
format as an RFC, and are required to have all the content that format as an RFC, and are required to have all the content that
should appear in the RFC. This includes a couple of sections should appear in the RFC. This includes a couple of sections
detailed below. A draft may also have more information, such as an detailed below. A draft may also have more information, such as an
incremental list of changes from previous versions of the draft, or incremental list of changes from previous versions of the draft, or
pointers to online locations for raising issues and suggesting pointers to online locations for raising issues and suggesting
changes. changes.
For the past several years, the official canonical source of RFCs as For the past several years, the official canonical source of RFCs as
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help both new and experienced authors. As of this writing, it's help both new and experienced authors. As of this writing, it's
still a draft but it does contain a great deal of useful content. still a draft but it does contain a great deal of useful content.
You should feel free to use the site, and offer feedback. You should feel free to use the site, and offer feedback.
Outside of the formatting decision, the most important document you Outside of the formatting decision, the most important document you
can read is Guidelines to Authors of Internet-Drafts can read is Guidelines to Authors of Internet-Drafts
(https://www.ietf.org/how/ids/guidelines). That document explains (https://www.ietf.org/how/ids/guidelines). That document explains
the naming conventions, formatting requirements, required content, the naming conventions, formatting requirements, required content,
and details of how to submit (also called _post_) your draft. and details of how to submit (also called _post_) your draft.
6.3.1 Internet-Draft Language 6.3.1. Internet-Draft Language
It is common for Internet-Drafts that revise existing RFCs to have It is common for Internet-Drafts that revise existing RFCs to have
draft names with "bis" in them, meaning "again" or "twice." For draft names with "bis" in them, meaning "again" or "twice." For
example, a draft might be called "draft-ietf-uta-rfc6125bis" meaning example, a draft might be called "draft-ietf-uta-rfc6125bis" meaning
that this is intended to be a revision of, and eventual replacement that this is intended to be a revision of, and eventual replacement
for, RFC6125. for, RFC6125.
Writing clear specifications can be a bit of an art, particularly for Writing clear specifications can be a bit of an art, particularly for
people who don't have English as their native language. You can keep people who don't have English as their native language. You can keep
the specification very short, with just a list of requirements, but the specification very short, with just a list of requirements, but
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about a dozen keywords that can be used to clarify what are about a dozen keywords that can be used to clarify what are
requirements, as compared to what is purely informative. It defines requirements, as compared to what is purely informative. It defines
the meaning of words like _MUST_ and points out that it has to appear the meaning of words like _MUST_ and points out that it has to appear
in all uppercase to its special meaning. in all uppercase to its special meaning.
It is not uncommon for feedback on standards-track I-Ds to question It is not uncommon for feedback on standards-track I-Ds to question
the particular uses of what is called "2119 language." For example, the particular uses of what is called "2119 language." For example,
"The document says MAY but doesn't explain why not; should it be a "The document says MAY but doesn't explain why not; should it be a
MUST?" MUST?"
6.3.2 About References 6.3.2. About References
One aspect of writing IETF standards that trips up many newcomers is One aspect of writing IETF standards that trips up many newcomers is
the rule about how to make _normative references_ to non-IETF the rule about how to make _normative references_ to non-IETF
documents or to other RFCs in a standard. A normative reference is a documents or to other RFCs in a standard. A normative reference is a
reference to a document that must be followed in order to implement reference to a document that must be followed in order to implement
the standard. A non-normative reference (sometimes called an the standard. A non-normative reference (sometimes called an
_informative reference_) is one that is helpful to an implementor but _informative reference_) is one that is helpful to an implementor but
not strictly needed to implement it. not strictly needed to implement it.
An IETF standard may make a normative reference to any other An IETF standard may make a normative reference to any other
standards-track RFC that is at the same standards level or higher, or standards-track RFC that is at the same standards level or higher, or
to any "open standard" that has been developed outside the IETF. The to any "open standard" that has been developed outside the IETF. The
"same level or higher" rule means that before a standard can move "same level or higher" rule means that before a standard can move
from Proposed to Internet Standard, all of the RFCs that appear as a from Proposed to Internet Standard, all of the RFCs that appear as a
normative reference must also be an Internet Standard. This rule normative reference must also be an Internet Standard. This rule
gives implementors assurance that everything in a Internet standard gives implementors assurance that everything in an Internet standard
is quite stable, even the things referenced outside the standard. is quite stable, even the things referenced outside the standard.
This rule, and its exceptions, is described in BCP 97 This rule, and its exceptions, is described in BCP 97
(https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/bcp97). (https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/bcp97).
There is no hard-and-fast rule about what is an "open standard", but There is no hard-and-fast rule about what is an "open standard", but
generally this means a stable standard that was made by a generally- generally this means a stable standard that was made by a generally-
recognized SDO, and that anyone can get a copy of, although not recognized SDO, and that anyone can get a copy of, although not
necessarily for free. If the external standard changes, you have to necessarily for free. If the external standard changes, you have to
reference the particular instantiation of that standard in your reference the particular instantiation of that standard in your
specification, as with a designation of the date of the standard. specification, as with a designation of the date of the standard.
Some external standards bodies don't make old standards available, Some external standards bodies don't make old standards available,
which is a problem for IETF standards that need to be used in the which is a problem for IETF standards that need to be used in the
future. When in doubt, ask the WG chair or AD if a particular future. When in doubt, ask the WG chair or AD if a particular
external standard can be used in an IETF standard. external standard can be used in an IETF standard.
6.3.3 About Required Content 6.3.3. About Required Content
Every draft is required to have some content. Some of this is Every draft is required to have some content. Some of this is
boilerplate text about copyright, "2119 keyword," and so on. The boilerplate text about copyright, "2119 keyword," and so on. The
document formatting tools will generate this for you automatically if document formatting tools will generate this for you automatically if
you use the right keyword. In addition, there are special sections you use the right keyword. In addition, there are special sections
that might be required for your draft, and you (and the WG) will have that might be required for your draft, and you (and the WG) will have
to write them. to write them.
Many IETF standards have extension points, such as unassigned fields Many IETF standards have extension points, such as unassigned fields
in a message header, or for something like email or HTTP, an actual in a message header, or for something like email or HTTP, an actual
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explicit privacy section. explicit privacy section.
Some drafts benefit from having an "Implementation Status" section, Some drafts benefit from having an "Implementation Status" section,
as explained by BCP 205: Improving Awareness of Running Code: The as explained by BCP 205: Improving Awareness of Running Code: The
Implementation Status Section (https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/ Implementation Status Section (https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/
rfc7942). rfc7942).
More detail on the required content can be found online More detail on the required content can be found online
(https://authors.ietf.org/en/required-content). (https://authors.ietf.org/en/required-content).
6.4 Standards-Track RFCs 6.4. Standards-Track RFCs
If the IESG approves the draft to become a standards-track RFC, they If the IESG approves the draft to become a standards-track RFC, they
ask the RPC to publish it as a _Proposed Standard_. ask the RPC to publish it as a _Proposed Standard_.
Don't be surprised if a particular standard doesn't progress from Don't be surprised if a particular standard doesn't progress from
Proposed Standard to Internet Standard. To become an Internet Proposed Standard to Internet Standard. To become an Internet
Standard, an RFC must have multiple interoperable implementations and Standard, an RFC must have multiple interoperable implementations and
the unused features in the Proposed Standard must be removed; there the unused features in the Proposed Standard must be removed; there
are additional requirements listed in BCP 9 (https://www.rfc- are additional requirements listed in BCP 9 (https://www.rfc-
editor.org/info/bcp9). Most of the protocols in common use are editor.org/info/bcp9). Most of the protocols in common use are
Proposed standards and never move forward. This may be because no Proposed standards and never move forward. This may be because no
one took the time to try to get them to Internet Standard, or some of one took the time to try to get them to Internet Standard, or some of
the normative references in the standard are still at Proposed the normative references in the standard are still at Proposed
standard, or it may be that everyone found more important things to standard, or it may be that everyone found more important things to
do. do.
6.5 RFCs Other than Standards-Track 6.5. RFCs Other than Standards-Track
As mentioned earlier, not all RFCs are standards. In fact, many As mentioned earlier, not all RFCs are standards. In fact, many
important RFCs are not on the standards track at all. At the time of important RFCs are not on the standards track at all. At the time of
writing, there are also categories for Informational, Experimental, writing, there are also categories for Informational, Experimental,
Best Current Practice, and Historical for standards that are no Best Current Practice, and Historical for standards that are no
longer recommended for use. The role of Informational RFCs can be longer recommended for use. The role of Informational RFCs can be
confusing, and people sometimes refer to them as "standards," when confusing, and people sometimes refer to them as "standards," when
they are not. they are not.
Experimental RFCs are for specifications that are interesting, but Experimental RFCs are for specifications that are interesting, but
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document the many parts of the IETF process. The STD sub-series was document the many parts of the IETF process. The STD sub-series was
created to identify RFCs that do in fact specify Internet standards. created to identify RFCs that do in fact specify Internet standards.
These are an example of the aphorism that everything in computer These are an example of the aphorism that everything in computer
science can be solved by a layer of indirection. For example, a science can be solved by a layer of indirection. For example, a
single BCP can refer to one or more RFCs, and the specific RFCs can single BCP can refer to one or more RFCs, and the specific RFCs can
change such as when a new version of a protocol is published. change such as when a new version of a protocol is published.
Likewise, some STDs are actually sets of more than one RFC, and the Likewise, some STDs are actually sets of more than one RFC, and the
"standard" designation applies to the whole set of documents. "standard" designation applies to the whole set of documents.
7 How to Contribute to the IETF 7. How to Contribute to the IETF
7.1 What You Can Do 7.1. What You Can Do
*Read:* Review the Internet-Drafts in your area of expertise and *Read:* Review the Internet-Drafts in your area of expertise and
comment on them in the Working Groups. Participate in the discussion comment on them in the Working Groups. Participate in the discussion
in a friendly, helpful fashion, with the goal being the best Internet in a friendly, helpful fashion, with the goal being the best Internet
standards possible. Listen much more than you speak. If you standards possible. Listen much more than you speak. If you
disagree, debate the technical issues: never attack the people. disagree, debate the technical issues: never attack the people.
*Implement:* Write programs that use the current Internet standards. *Implement:* Write programs that use the current Internet standards.
The standards aren't worth much unless they are available to Internet The standards aren't worth much unless they are available to Internet
users. Implement even the "minor" standards, since they will become users. Implement even the "minor" standards, since they will become
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in the Hackathons. in the Hackathons.
*Write:* Edit or co-author Internet-Drafts in your area of expertise. *Write:* Edit or co-author Internet-Drafts in your area of expertise.
Do this for the benefit of the Internet community, not to get your Do this for the benefit of the Internet community, not to get your
name (or, even worse, your company's name) on a document. Draft name (or, even worse, your company's name) on a document. Draft
authors receive kinds of technical (and, sadly, sometimes personal) authors receive kinds of technical (and, sadly, sometimes personal)
criticism. Take the technical comments with equanimity and use it to criticism. Take the technical comments with equanimity and use it to
improve your draft in order to produce the best and most improve your draft in order to produce the best and most
interoperable standard, and ignore the personal ones. interoperable standard, and ignore the personal ones.
7.2 What Your Company Can Do 7.2. What Your Company Can Do
*Share:* Avoid proprietary standards. If you are an implementor, *Share:* Avoid proprietary standards. If you are an implementor,
exhibit a strong preference for IETF standards. If the IETF exhibit a strong preference for IETF standards. If the IETF
standards aren't as good as the proprietary standards, work to make standards aren't as good as the proprietary standards, work to make
the IETF standards better. If you're a purchaser, avoid products the IETF standards better. If you're a purchaser, avoid products
that use proprietary standards that compete with the open standards that use proprietary standards that compete with the open standards
of the IETF and tell the vendors that you are doing so. of the IETF and tell the vendors that you are doing so.
*Open Up:* If your company owns a patent that is used in an IETF *Open Up:* If your company owns a patent that is used in an IETF
standard, convince the company to make the patent available at no standard, convince the company to make the patent available at no
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sighted as other patent-holders. sighted as other patent-holders.
*Support:* The IETF has sponsorship opportunities *Support:* The IETF has sponsorship opportunities
(https://ietf.org/about/donors/) and an endowment (https://ietf.org/about/donors/) and an endowment
(https://www.ietf.org/endowment/donate-ietf-endowment/) which can (https://www.ietf.org/endowment/donate-ietf-endowment/) which can
also take individual-sized donations. Become a member of ISOC. Urge also take individual-sized donations. Become a member of ISOC. Urge
any company that has benefited from the Internet to contribute, since any company that has benefited from the Internet to contribute, since
this has the greatest financial benefit for the group. It will, of this has the greatest financial benefit for the group. It will, of
course, also benefit the Internet as a whole. course, also benefit the Internet as a whole.
8 IETF and the Outside World 8. IETF and the Outside World
While some IETF participants would like to think otherwise, the IETF While some IETF participants would like to think otherwise, the IETF
does not exist in a standards vacuum. This section discusses two does not exist in a standards vacuum. This section discusses two
important groups. important groups.
8.1 IETF and Other SDOs 8.1. IETF and Other SDOs
There are many other standards organizations whose decisions affect There are many other standards organizations whose decisions affect
the Internet. Some of them ignored the Internet for a long time and the Internet. Some of them ignored the Internet for a long time and
now want to get a piece of the action. In general, the IETF tries to now want to get a piece of the action. In general, the IETF tries to
have cordial relationships with other SDOs. This isn't always easy, have cordial relationships with other SDOs. This isn't always easy,
since they usually have different structures and processes than the since they usually have different structures and processes than the
IETF does, and the IETF is mostly run by volunteers who would IETF does, and the IETF is mostly run by volunteers who would
probably prefer to write standards rather than meet with probably prefer to write standards rather than meet with
representatives from other bodies. Even so, many SDOs make a great representatives from other bodies. Even so, many SDOs make a great
effort to interact well with the IETF despite the obvious cultural effort to interact well with the IETF despite the obvious cultural
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role. The best place to check to see whether the IETF has any formal role. The best place to check to see whether the IETF has any formal
liaison at all is the list of IETF liaisons liaison at all is the list of IETF liaisons
(https://www.ietf.org/about/liaisons). (https://www.ietf.org/about/liaisons).
At the time of this writing, the IETF has around two dozen liaisons. At the time of this writing, the IETF has around two dozen liaisons.
Some of these liaison tasks fall to the IESG, whereas others fall to Some of these liaison tasks fall to the IESG, whereas others fall to
the IAB. Full details about the processes for dealing with other the IAB. Full details about the processes for dealing with other
SDOs can be found in BCP 102 (https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/bcp102) SDOs can be found in BCP 102 (https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/bcp102)
and BCP 103 (https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/bcp103). and BCP 103 (https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/bcp103).
8.2 Press Coverage of the IETF 8.2. Press Coverage of the IETF
Given that the IETF is one of the best-known bodies that is helping Given that the IETF is one of the best-known bodies that is helping
move the Internet forward, it's natural for the media to cover its move the Internet forward, it's natural for the media to cover its
actions. But it can be hard to cover the IETF; a common mistake is actions. But it can be hard to cover the IETF; a common mistake is
reporting an individual's Internet-Draft as something the IETF is reporting an individual's Internet-Draft as something the IETF is
working on, or that the IETF has approved a new standard when it was working on, or that the IETF has approved a new standard when it was
an Informational or Individual RFC. Often, the press is not really an Informational or Individual RFC. Often, the press is not really
to blame for the problem, as they might have been alerted to the to blame for the problem, as they might have been alerted to the
story by a company trying to get publicity for a protocol, or they story by a company trying to get publicity for a protocol, or they
see the latest "controversy" on social media. see the latest "controversy" on social media.
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